Reservoir Fluids

1
INTRODUCTION
 Basically, the reservoirs are porous and permeable rocks that
contains accumulation of hydrocarbons.
 However,reservoir fluids could be classified to (wet gas,dry gas,
condensate,volatile and black oil(
• Identification of reservoir fluids:

1. Field data.
2. Observation in laboratory.
3. Phase diagram.
Gas reservoirs: the reservoir temperature is greater than the critical temperature of the
hydrocarbon fluid.
Oil reservoirs: the reservoir temperature T is less than the critical temperature Tc of the reservoir
fluid.
Gas reservoir
 Gas reservoirs classified according to their content

to:
1. Dry Gas.
2. Wet gas.
3. Condensate.
Dry Gas
• The word “dry” means that the gas does not contain
sufficient heavy molecules to create hydrocarbon liquid at
the surface.
• Dry gases consist of methane and non-hydrocarbons such
as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
• dry gas remains single phase from reservoir to separator
conditions.
• Identification of Dry gas:
FIELD DATA DRY GAS LABORATORY DATA DRY GAS

GOR 100,000
Phase change in No phase
scf/stb
reservoir change
Stock-tank liquid No liquid
gravity,API Heptane plus < 0.8
Color of stock-tank No liquid
liquid FVF at bubble point -
Wet-gas
• Natural gas that contains significant heavy hydrocarbons such as

propane, butane and other liquid hydrocarbons.
• Wet gas exists solely as a gas in the reservoir.
• is known as wet gas or rich gas.
• Identification of wet gas :

FIELD DATA WET GAS LABORATORY DATA WEY GAS
GOR > Phase change in No
15,000scf/stb reservoir change
Stock-tank liquid Up to 70
gravity,API Heptane plus <4
Color of stock-tank Water white FVF at bubble point -
liquid
Retrograde Gas Condensate
• Condensate gases are gaseous at subsurface conditions and
condense as liquid at surface conditions.
• Reservoir contains condensate gas generally produces both oil

and gas at the surface.
• Identification of condensate gas
FIELD DATA CONDENSATE GAS LABRATORY CONDENSATE GAS

DATA
GOR >3200 Phase change Dew point
Stock-tank liquid > 40 in reservoir
gravity ,API Heptane plus < 12.5
Color of stock- Lightly colored FVF at bubbl -
tank liquid point
oil reservoir
 oil reservoirs can be classified according to:
• The initial reservoir pressure Pi:
1. Undersaturated oil reservoir.
2. Saturated oil reservoir.
3. Gas-cap reservoir.
• Their content :
1. volatile oil.
2. black oil.
Volatile Oils
• Volatile oils have many common features with gas
condensates, but as they contain more heavy compounds.
• they behave liquid-like at reservoir conditions.
• Volatile oils are known as high-shrinkage oil.
• Identification of volatile oils :

FIELD DATA VOLATILE LABORATORY DATA VOLATILE
GOR 1750 TO 3200 scf/stb Phase change in Bubble point
reservoir
Stock-tank liquid 40 OR higher
Heptane plus 20 to 12.5
gravity,API
Color of stock- Brown ,orange , FVF at bubble point >2.0
tank liquid green
Black Oil Reservoirs
• Black oils are the most common type of oil reservoirs.
• Black oils are made up of a variety of components including

large, heavy, and non-volatile hydrocarbons .
• They are also known as low-shrinkage oil reservoirs.
• identification of black oil :

FIELD DATA BLACK OIL LABORATORY DATA BLACK OIL
GOR 2ooo scf/STB OR Phase change in Bubble
less reservoir point
Stock-tank liquid < 45 Heptane plus > 20 %
gravity,API
Color of stock- Dark colored FVF at bubble point < 2.0
tank liquid
• case study of well XX in
Nafora field.
FIELD DATA xx
Pb Initial reservoir
GOR 48scf/sbbl
pressure pressure 1040psi
Stock-tank 31º 294psi
liquid
gravity,API
Color of stock- Dark

tank liquid
LABORATORY DATA xx
Phase change in Bubble

reservoir point
viscosity 6.490cp
FVF at bubble point 1.048vol/svol

References
 Mc Cain, (1994) ,( identification of types of reservoir fluids ) .

 Gunderson .Palo , ( compositional simulation of producing oil-gas ratio behavior in low
permeable gas condensate reservoir ) , 17/ June / 2013 .
 Fekete , ( reservoir fluid type ) , retrieved from http://www.fekete.com/san/theory and
equation/ harmony theory.....ference material/ general concepts/ reservoir fluid types/. On
11/6/2018,at 8:43 am .
 Queiroz galvao ,(reservoir types ) , retrieved from
http://www.qgep.com,br/static/enu/topics_de_reservoir.asp?idioma=enu . On 11/6/2018 , at
9:52 am
 Assignmenthelp.net , ( identification of reservoir and reservoir fluid ) , retrieved from
http://www.assignmenthelp.net_help classification of reservoir and reservoir fluids .
 Petroblogger.com , ( reservoir fluid , oil reservoir and phase diagram ) , retrieved from
http://www.ingenieriadepetroleo.com/reservoir_fluid_oil_reservoir_phase_diagram .
 Danesh.A , (1998) , ( PVT and phase behavior of petroleum reservoir fluids ) , Elsevier science
& technology books .

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• Identification of reservoir fluids:

 Gas reservoirs classified according to their content

FIELD DATA DRY GAS LABORATORY DATA DRY GAS

• Natural gas that contains significant heavy hydrocarbons such as

• Wet gas exists solely as a gas in the reservoir.

• is known as wet gas or rich gas.

• Identification of wet gas :

• Reservoir contains condensate gas generally produces both oil

• Identification of condensate gas

FIELD DATA CONDENSATE GAS LABRATORY CONDENSATE GAS

1. Undersaturated oil reservoir.

2. Saturated oil reservoir.

• they behave liquid-like at reservoir conditions.

• Volatile oils are known as high-shrinkage oil.

• Identification of volatile oils :

• Black oils are made up of a variety of components including

• They are also known as low-shrinkage oil reservoirs.

• identification of black oil :

Color of stock- Dark

Phase change in Bubble

FVF at bubble point 1.048vol/svol

 Mc Cain, (1994) ,( identification of types of reservoir fluids ) .

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