Amines: Group 8

AMINES
Group 8
AMINES
 Derives from ammonia(NH3)
 Has a structure formula of N -H2 and –R
 Important amines include amino acids,
biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and
aniline
 Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also
called amines, such as chloramine
 Mostly found in dyes and drug
Amines can be classified according to the nature and
number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines
contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines
have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.
They are organized in to 3 subcategories

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
Classification of Amine
CLASSIFICATION OF AMINE
Primary (1°) amines—Primary amines arise when one

of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by
an alkyl or aromatic group. Important primary alkyl
amines include, methylamine, most amino acids, and
the buffering agent tris, while primary aromatic
amines include aniline.
Secondary (2°) amines—Secondary amines have two
organic substituents (alkyl, aryl or both) bound to the
nitrogen together with one hydrogen. Important
representatives include dimethylamine, while an
example of an aromatic amine would be
diphenylamine.
Tertiary (3°) amines—In tertiary amines, nitrogen has
three organic substituents. Examples include
trimethylamine, which has a distinctively fishy smell,
and EDTA.
CLASSIFICATION OF AMINE
A fourth subcategory is determined by the connectivity

of the substituents attached to the nitrogen:
Cyclic amines—Cyclic amines are either secondary or

tertiary amines. Examples of cyclic amines include the 3-
membered ring aziridine and the six-membered ring
piperidine. N-methylpiperidine and N-phenylpiperidine
are examples of cyclic tertiary amines.
HISTAMINE
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved
in local immune responses, as well as regulating
physiological function in the gut and acting as a
neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus.
Histamine is involved in the inflammatory response and
has a central role as a mediator of itching.
BENZENDRINE
Also known as amphetamine, is a potent central
nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the
treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. However, it has a side-
effect and habit-forming
NICOTINE and HEROIN
Nicotine is a plant alkaloid, found in the tobacco
plant, and addictive central nervous system (CNS)
stimulant that causes either ganglionic stimulation in
low doses or ganglionic blockage in high doses.
Heroin, from the word hero, is an opioid drug use to
strengthen the bodies. Repeated use can cause
change of mind and physical structure.
Amines are named in several ways. In each subcategories
(primary, secondary, tertiary), there is a different way to
name amines. Typically, the compound is given the prefix
"amino-" or the suffix: "-amine". The prefix "N-" shows
substitution on the nitrogen atom. An organic compound
with multiple amino groups is called a diamine, triamine,
tetraamine and so forth.
NAMING AMINES
NAMING
Lower amines are named with
the suffix -amine.
Example: Methylamine(CH3NH2)
NAMING
Higher amines have the prefix amino as a
functional group. IUPAC however does
not recommend this convention but
prefers the alkanamine form.
2-aminopentane (or sometimes: pent-2-
yl-amine or pentan-2-amine)
NAMING
Primary amines R-NH2
Primary amines can be named by replacing the -e of the

parent group with the word amine. The NH2 group can also
be named as a substituent using the group name, amino. An
amine can also be named by naming the parent group
followed by a space and the word amine.
2-propanamine
2-aminopropane
2-propyl amine
NAMING
Secondary amines R2NH
a. Secondary amines can be named by replacing the -e of
the parent group with the word amine and then using an
upper case N to designate that the second alkyl group is on
the nitrogen atom. The NH2 group can still be named as a
substituent using the group name, amino.
N-methyl-1-propanamine
N-methyl-1-aminopropane
methyl 1-propyl amine
NAMING
Tertiary amines R3N
Tertiary amines can be named in the same way as

secondary amines.
N,N-dimethylethanamine
N,N-dimethylaminoethane

Amines: Group 8

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AMINES

They are organized in to 3 subcategories

Primary (1°) amines—Primary amines arise when one

A fourth subcategory is determined by the connectivity

Cyclic amines—Cyclic amines are either secondary or

Primary amines can be named by replacing the -e of the

Tertiary amines can be named in the same way as

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