NAME: PRASENJIT NASKAR

ROLLNO: 16
COURSE: ADVANced DiplomA in
IndustriAL SAFety & EnvironmENTAL
MANAGement
DEPT: School Of EnvironmeNTAL
Studies, JADAVPur University

YEAR: 2018-’19
 Contents

Title Page No
Introduction 1
Overview of Sristi Construction 2
Visit to Five Star Hotel Kolkata 3-13
Visit to Sristinagar Asansol 14-25
Visit to Krishnanagar Sentrum 26-30
Conclusion
 Introduction

Myself PRASENJIT NASKAR has enrolled in Advanced

Diploma in Industrial Safety & Environmental Management
under Jadavpur University (School Of

Environmental Studies),in collaboration with Nuvoco Vistas (formally

Lafarge India)Pvt. Ltd. In our course work we have an industrial visit to
SRISHTI CONSTRUCTION. In which we have visited several construction
sites & ongoing projects of SRISHTI, also taught about the detail
information about the safety of construction sites, scaffolding, safety
about working at height, usage of PPEs & also the fire fighting and fire
protection system, which has broadly described in the subsequent pages.

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Overview :

One of the leading Construction and Infrastructure Development

Companies in India, SHRISTI INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION LTD. started commercial operations in 1999 and is
today a pan-Indian company in the fields of Infrastructure
Construction, Infrastructure Development, Hospitality and
Healthcare. By partnering with renowned names in the field of
infrastructure, construction of roads, power plants, townships and
other infrastructure projects, it has been playing a part in shaping
modern India.In addition, as ‘inclusive growth’ it involves bringing
the fruits of economic development to all sections of society by
making investments in tier II and tier III cities. The SHRISTI Group
has played quite the role of a ‘visionary’ in social infrastructure
development of eastern & north-eastern India.The concept of a
green integrated township was first executed by SHRISTI. Today,
SHRISTI is one of the largest infrastructure development companies in
India. It has marked the presence in 12 cities building Townships,
Premium Residential Development, Hotels, Hospitals, Mixed Use

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Development, Shopping Malls, Logistics Hubs, Economic & Industrial
Parks and more.

The projects of SRISHTI group are :

 Srishtinagar - Asansol
 Srishtinagar - Guwahati
 Shanti Srishti, Santiniketan Kanchanjangha Integrated Park,
Siliguri
 Krishnanagar Sentrum
 The Five Star Hotel Complex - Kolkata
 Durgapur City Centre
 Raniganj Square - The Highway Hub
 The Arena - Haldia Sports City
 Srishti Sea View Tower, Mumbai
 Aitroma Agartala Sentrum

In our training schedule we have visited three projects of SRISHTI which

are
1) The Five Star Hotel Complex - Kolkata
2) Srishtinagar - Asansol

The entire details of our visit & the safety aspects has been described
below.

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 The Five Star Hotel Complex Kolkata

Location : New Town, Kolkata

Land Area : 1.7 million sq. Ft

Project Description : A unique generation of skyscrapers fully evolved

with an ecological ideology and avant-grade technology, seamed
together with traditional wisdom. Having a select few of such living
spaces, The V, an architectural marvel, truly redefines urban living.
Managed by a world class brand, it has customized to viewers eclectic
tastes.

Details of the visit :

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In our visit in this particular project we have seen the Fire Protection
system, Fire extinguisher, Fire Fighting system & Fire Hydrant.

Hazard is the probability of doing harm. In Industry hazard exists in

various forms like Flammability, Toxicity, Electricity, Chemical, and
Physical etc. Accident/Incident is an unplanned and uncontrolled event
triggering personal injury, property damage and or the probability.
Hazard will persists as we are moving from developing to developed
stage and as it is interwoven and interconnected with our daily life.

Fire or Combustion : Combustion as a chemical reaction. The

combustible matter in various forms which are composed of carbon,
hydrogen and sometimes with sulphur and combustion is the chemical
combination of the fuel element with oxygen. This will create heat, light
and sound. The oxygen rarely supplied in pure state. Combustion takes
place in different way namely either in premix condition where the
vapour-air or gas-air mixture travel to the zone of combustion in a
premixed way but in the case of burner mix the mixing of gas-air or
vapour-air mixture takes place prior to combustion just at the
combustion zone. So premix condition of vapour-air or gas-air mixture is
known as stoichiometric mixture, which is very dangerous, and the
combustion can takes place with minimum energy.

The requirements for combustion are:

 The sufficient fuel for complete chemical reaction.
 Sufficient temperature to heat the fuel through its various
decomposition stages to ignite the carbon and Hydrogen.
 Sufficient turbulence to mix the oxygen and fuel element completely
for the proper commercialisation of heat from the combustion
reaction and the combustion will be complete when all chemical fuel
oxidised.

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To initiate combustion, the following condition must be met.
Temperature must be above flash point ,the vapour air composition must
fall between the limit determined by Upper and lowerflammability
& The temperature must be equal or exceed the ignition temperature.

Fire Safety & Fire Extinguisher Use :

Purpose of a Fire Extinguisher :

 To control or Extinguish small fire

 To protect evacuation routes that a a fire may block directly or
indirectly with smoke or burning materials

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There is six types of Fire Extinguishers :
1. Class A – Wood, Paper, Plastics

2. Class AB – Wood, Paper and Flammable Liquid

3. Class BC (flammable liquid and electrical)

4. Class ABC Multipurpose

5. Class K – Kitchen Fire

6. Class D – Metal Fires

Extinguisher Operation :

 Fire Detector

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Fire detector automatically identify the presence of fire without reliance
on human observation. It identify the presence of fire either by human
observation or by automatic mechanism(s). Detector need to recognize
that the exposed are susceptible to a harm.

Fire Detection can work either by sensing the existence of a fire,

especially by a detector from one or more products of the fire, such as
smoke, heat, ionized particles, infrared radiation, and the like or The act
or process of discovering and locating a fire.

Detection Devices Electrical, pneumatic, thermal, mechanical, or optical

sensing instruments, or sub components of such instruments, whose
purpose is to cause an automatic action upon the occurrence of some
pre-selected event.

Detection System consisting of detectors; controls; control panels;

automatic and manual actuating mechanisms; all wiring, piping, and
tubing; and all associated equipment that is used to actuate an
extinguishing system.

Fixed heatdetector
Automatic heat detector with fast semiconductor sensor for the
detection of fires with extreme fluctuations in ambient temperatures.
Conventional heat detector without switch on-control, with alarm latch
and alarm indicator.

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Rate-of-rise heat detector
Automatic heat detector with fast semiconductor sensor for the
detection of fires with rapidly rising temperatures and integrated fixed
temperature function for the detection of fires with slowly rising
temperatures. Conventional detector without switch-on-control, with
alarm latch and alarm indicator.

Optical smoke detector

Optical scatter detector for the early detection of fires with clear smoke
development. Conventional smoke detector without switch-on-control,
with alarm latch and alarm indicator.

Automatic Detectors
Automatic intelligent fire detectors with high reliability, used for
premises and items of property with medium and high concentration of
valuable assets. with multi sensor detectors for the detection of all types
of fires, even under the most difficult operating conditions all detectors
are provided with a loop isolator Automatic with fast semiconductor
sensor to guarantee reliable detection of fires with heat generation.
Intelligent fire detector with decentralised intelligence, automatic
function self-test, CPU failure mode, alarm and operating data memory,
alarm indicator, soft-addressing and operating indication.
The detector is provided with an integrated isolator. A parallel detector
indicator can be connected.

Air-sampling Smoke Detection

Air-sampling smoke detection systems are quite different from
conventional spot type smoke detectors. Aspirating systems typically
comprise a number of small-bore pipes laid out above or below a ceiling
in parallel runs, some meters apart. Small holes, also some meters apart,
are drilled into each pipe to form a matrix of holes (sampling points),

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providing an even distribution across the ceiling. Air or smoke is drawn
into the pipe work through the holes and onward to a very sensitive
smoke detector mounted nearby, using the negative pressure of an
aspirator (air pump).Air-sampling smoke detector is a form of air
pollution monitor. It has sensitivity some hundreds of times higher than
conventional smoke detectors, yet its false alarm rate is exceptionally low
(according to independent surveys). This reliability comes from its high
immunity to the major sources of false alarms– dust, draughts and
electrical interference The detector alarm thresholds can be set up to
20% obscuration/m. Obscuration is the effect that smoke has on
reducing visibility. Highermconcentrations of smoke , result in higher
obscuration levels, lowering visibility.

Fire Sprinkler System :

A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a

water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a
water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are
connected. Although historically only used in factories and large
commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now
available at a cost-effective price. Fire sprinkler systems are extensively
used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. In
buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, over 96% of
fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone.

There are two major types of fire sprinkler system which are :

Wet – Wet type systems are the most common type of sprinkler system
that is installed. A wet pipe system has water in the pipes in the ambient
or normal condition and has heat responsive elements on all sprinklers.

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Thus, water is instantaneously discharged from a sprinkler when it
actuates.

Dry –In areas where low temperatures could cause a wet pipe system to
freeze, a dry pipe system is intended for use. Dry pipe systems are
pressurized with air in the ambient condition and experience an inherent
delay in the discharge of water to allow the pressurized air in the system
to escape. When a sprinkler actuates, air is released through the
sprinkler, allowing water to flow into the piping system through the dry
pipe valve. NFPA 13 mandates that the time for the water to reach the
most remote sprinkler be no longer than 60 seconds. This time delay
allows the fire to grow larger than it would with a wet pipe system of
similar design, and the larger fire size results in more sprinklers in the fire
area actuating. To limit the size of dry pipe systems, a volumetric
limitation with a maximum capacity of 750 gallons is placed on dry pipe
systems. A quick opening device, such as an accelerator or an exhauster,
is installed to rapidly remove air from the system and speed the
operation of the dry pipe valve and is required when the system
volumetric capacity exceeds 500 gallons.

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FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

Network of piping installed underground or overhead around various

facilities with hydrant stand posts fitted with landing valves at regular
intervals or at distances from the protected risks according to the
occupancies.

HYDRANT SYSTEM COMPONENTS

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Pumps
Jockey pump
Electrical pump
Diesel Pump

Heavy or Medium Grade

MS or GI Pipes

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Hydrant Valves

Hose Boxes

Hose Reel

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Nozzle & Branch Pipes

Operating Pressure
Pumps Pressure (KG/ SQ.CM)
Jockey 8 KG/ SQ.CM
Electrical 5 KG/ SQ.CM
Diesel 4 KG/ SQ.CM

Pumps Operation
PUMPS ON OFF
Jockey Auto Auto
Electrical Auto Manual

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Diesel Auto Manual

Hydrant Design Criteria

 Type of Hazard being protected (light or ordinary or high hazard)

 Number of hydrants required for all the facilities
 Adequate sizing of pipes in the hydrant network toachieve
appropriate discharge
 Assumption of two simultaneous major fires in vulnerable areas
 Combined protection of tankages and pressured storage vessels by
water spray systems
 Combined protection of tankages by foam systems
 Protection of transformers, cable cellars etc., by water spray systems

 Adequate selection of fire water pumps

 Provision of water for the installed pumping capacity
 Trained manpower to handle disastrous situations
 Other relevant considerations if any for the type of risk
 Compliance to relevant codes for design

Hydrant Placement

Yard hydrants At every 45, 30M periphery of the buildings for light,
ordinary and high hazard risks situated between 1.5 M to 15M from
external walls

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 Internal Hose reels to be provided that no part of thebuilding inside
is at more than 30M from the nearest internal Hose reel
 Upper floors : All upper floors shall be protected with hydrant
wetrisers, landing valves located at each landing of
external/protected internal staircases as below:

Srishtinagar Asansol

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Location : Asansol, West Bengal

Land Area : 90 acres

Project Description : The Mega Integrated Township at Asansol

comprises of lifestyle apartments, group hosting, plots, bungalows and
row housing and a Central Business District. It will house approximately
5000 families. Group housing and bungalows have been completed and
families are residing there. Lifestyle living options with townhouses and
high-rise apartments are under construction along with the leisure club
The Central Business District, comprising a shopping mall with multiplex,
is operational and a modern commercial complex is soon commencing
operation.

Details of The Visit :

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In this particular visit we have learned about the details of construction
safety & the work related PPEs which has been enlisted below.
To promote a substantial safety culture among the employees of any
particular site, a relevant safety training must be provided to them in the
following way :

 Safety Induction Training

 Usage of PPE
 Job Related Safety Info

Safety Induction Training

Safety induction training is mandatory for the employees at the start of

the job. The induction is important as all sites are different and have a
wide range of hazards which will change as the site develops. This site
induction is specific to this site and provides with information on the
current hazards of the site and tells about the site rules. Explain to the
inductees the requirement to observe site specific elements appropriate
to their own work activities and/or site wide hazards. These may include
but not be limited to the following;

Open Excavations, Work at Height, Overhead Power Lines, Confined

Spaces,Contaminated Land, Excessive Vehicle Movements, Traffic
Management Systems, Fire Risks.

Ensure that inductees are made aware of specific requirements for the
production of risk ssessments and method statements where specific
hazards are identified. Make inductees aware of areas of work that will
require specific authorisation to proceed such as a Permit to Work.

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Ensure inductees are made aware of restricted areas and the reasons for
the control measures in place.

The type of situations that might expect to require evacuation for the
site has been described. Have a site layout plan available.
Ensure that inductees know what the alarm sounds like on the site and
how to raise it.

Ensure that they know the different routes (KEEP THEM CLEAR) that they
may have to use to leave the site and where they should assemble for a
role call. Ensure that they know where fire fighting equipment is situated,
that they are trained to use any fire equipment and that they should only
attempt to fight small fires, have a clear escape route and only after the
alarm has been raised. Stress prevention and give examples of ignition
sources. Ensure that all inductees are made fully aware of the site
procedure for recording who is on site at any given time. Explain to them
that the main purpose of this is to ensure that all persons are accounted
for in the event of an emergency situation, not as a timekeeping tool.
Explain that any person not accounted for in an emergency will be
treated as missing and may put emergency workers at risk by looking for
someone who isn’t there. Explain that failure to comply with this
requirement may result in disciplinary action being taken against
offenders.

Clients and main contractors are required to ensure that those on site
are competent to technical abilities. Workers to be trained about safe
access of any material & equipment. They must have an idea about good
housekeeping & have to keep their equipments in the proper place. They
also need to complete their work in a stipulated time & also possess a
clear idea about industrial illumination and lighting process.

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Personal Protective Equipments(PPE) :

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Eye and Face Protection

 Safety glasses or face shieldshare worn any time work operations

can cause foreign objects to get in the eye. For example, during
welding, cutting, grinding, nailing (or when working with concrete
and/or harmful chemicals or when exposed to flying particles).
Wear when exposed to any electrical hazards, including working
on energized electrical systems.
 Eye and face protectors – select based on anticipatedhazards.

Foot Protection

 Construction workers should wear work shoes or boots with slip-

resistant and puncture-resistant soles.

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  Safety-toed footwear is worn to prevent crushed toes when
working around heavy equipment or falling objects

Hand Protection

 Gloves should fit snugly.

 Workers should wear the right gloves for the job (examples:
heavy-duty rubber gloves for concrete work; welding gloves for
welding; insulated gloves and sleeves when exposed to electrical
hazards).

Head Protection

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  Wear hard hats where there is a potential for objects falling from
above, bumps to the head from fixed objects, or of accidental
head contact with electrical hazards.
 Hard hats – routinely inspect them for dents, cracks or
deterioration; replace after a heavy blow or electricalshock;
maintain in good condition.

Hearing Protection

 Use earplugs/earmuffs in high noise work areas where chainsaws

or heavy equipment are used; clean or replace earplugs regularly.

Fall Protection

When work is performed on elevated surfaces that are six feet or more
above the surrounding area in a construction setting or four feet or more
in an industrial setting, protection against falls frequently must be
considered. Fall arresting systems, which include lifelines, body

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harnesses, and other associated equipment, are often used when fall
hazards cannot be controlled by railings, floors, nets, and other means.

A variety of systems may be chosen from when providing fall protection.

These systems include:

 Guardrail
 Personal Fall Arresting Systems (Full Body harness, fall Arrest)
 Covers
 Safety Net System

Job Related safety :

There is several man made operations has done in a construction site.

Workers need to be learned about the job specific safety precautions to
avoid any occupational illness or loss time injury.

 Soil Testing :
 Before starting of any jobs in any construction site soil testing is
required.
 Any competent person will test the quality of the soil of the site
and thereafter worker will start their jobs.

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 Excavation :

Working in an excavation is one of the most hazardous jobs in the

construction industry. Most excavation accidents are the result of cave-
ins or collapsing excavation walls. There are, however, a number of
procedures and protective systems designed to protect you in or around
an excavation. These are as follows :

 Worker will Never enter an unprotected trench.

 Workers must be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective
system in trenches that are 5 feet deep or deeper.
 A daily inspection of the excavation, adjacent areas and protective
systems must be done by a competent person.
 Trench boxes or shields must be used in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations, or as designed and approved by a
registered professional engineer.
 A registered professional engineer must design the excavations
which are 20 feet deep.
 Adequate protection from hazards associated with water
accumulation must be in place before working in excavations.

 Excavation Entry :

 Workers should enter & exit properly in the excavation site.

 Where workers or equipment are expected to cross over an
excavation, walkways with standard guardrails must be provided.
 In case of any vehicle entry, the maximum speed limit should be 15
Kmph.

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 The driver must possess licence and proper authorization for
entering any excavation site.

 Scaffolding :

Scaffolding is widely used during construction and renovation

activities. In its simplest form, a scaffold is any temporary elevated or
suspended work surface used to support workers and/or materials.
There are many types of scaffolds, both supported and suspended. The
safety precautions are as follows :

 Footing of the scaffold must be sound and rigid, capable of

supporting the weight.
 Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or
blocks.

 Scaffolds and components must be able to suspend at least four

times the intended load.
 Standard Guardrails and toeboards must be provided for all open
scaffolding that are ten feet or more above the surrounding surfaces.

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 A ladder or other safe means of access must be provided. Any
damaged or weakened part of scaffold must be repaired or replaced.

 Concrete Mixture Machine :

 Rotating part of the machine must be protected.

 Balancing wire must must be properly suspended.
 Competent person must operate the machine.
 Counter weight & hooking must be checked.

 Concrete Batching Plant :

 Earthing of the machine must be checked.

 Operator fitness also to be checked.
 Access ladder, limit switch & wire rope checking must be done.

 Material Handling & Stacking :

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 Cement loading & stacking must be done properly.
 Workers must wear proper safety shoe & safety mask.
 They will fast in & out in the workplace.

 Electrical Safety :

 Naked wire must not be allowed.

 Only proper plug in and socket should be used.

 Three core wire for construction work should be used. Single layer
cable not to be used.

 Minimum 32A ELCB circuit breaker should be used. Multi-joint

cable not be used.

 Power tools Safety :

 Power tools must be properly guarded.

 Wire should be in good condition.
 Tools should be properly handed.
 Cable won’t allowed to fall on the ground.
 Proper PPEs should be used while working with power tools.

 Material Arrest :

 Operator fitness must be checked.

 A shed for overhead protection must be provided. Wire rope must

be checked.
 Rotating part should be checked whether protected or not.
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 Overhead limit must be checked.
 Support material & mass material must be checked properly.
Loading capacity must be checked.

 Compliance :

 Scaffold systems were pretty good.

 There were required protection for working at height.

 Safety administration were very helpful.

 Noncompliances :

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 Naked wires were left open on the ground.

 There were no proper barricade system in existing stairs workings.

 Concrete mixture machine wasn’t properly guarded.

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 There were no barricade for elevator working in progress.

 Cement loading & unloading operation wasn’t system friendly.

 There were no proper PPEs in power tools usage for the workers.

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 Conclusion

During this entire coursework we have visited the constructions

sites & ongoing projects of SRISHTI CONSTRUCTION. We have
taught about how to work in a construction site and also taught
about technical procedures. We also know about the safety
rules & the mandatory PPEs inside the site. Furthermore I am
very thankful to Mr Ayan Basu Mallick, Mr Sambit Ghosh, Mr.
Kedarnath Mohanta & other safety personnels of SRISHTI
CONSTRUCTION Pvt. Ltd. for helping us to visit the entire plant
and describing the entire construction safety procedure &
precautions with immense care. I also thankful to the
honourable HR of Srishti Construction who has helped us in this
training and also to Jadavpur University and our honourable

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faculty members who have taken immense care to teach us this
entire curriculum very carefully & allotted us for this training.

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