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    Unit 01 - Overview: Psychology's History? Psychology's Big Issues and Approaches Careers in Psychology

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    Ojasw Upadhyay
    This document provides an overview of the unit on psychology's history and approaches. It begins with psychology's roots in ancient Greek philosophy and the early scientists who studied the mind and perception. It then discusses the founders of modern psychology, including Wundt, James, Freud, and Skinner. The document concludes with an overview of the major approaches in psychology like behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and biological perspectives.

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    Unit 01 - Overview: Psychology's History? Psychology's Big Issues and Approaches Careers in Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Ojasw Upadhyay
    56 views67 pages
    This document provides an overview of the unit on psychology's history and approaches. It begins with psychology's roots in ancient Greek philosophy and the early scientists who studied the mind and perception. It then discusses the founders of modern psychology, including Wundt, James, Freud, and Skinner. The document concludes with an overview of the major approaches in psychology like behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and biological perspectives.

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    This document provides an overview of the unit on psychology's history and approaches. It begins with psychology's roots in ancient Greek philosophy and the early scientists who studied the mind and perception. It then discusses the founders of modern psychology, including Wundt, James, Freud, and Skinner. The document concludes with an overview of the major approaches in psychology like behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and biological perspectives.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    56 views67 pages

    Unit 01 - Overview: Psychology's History? Psychology's Big Issues and Approaches Careers in Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Ojasw Upadhyay
    This document provides an overview of the unit on psychology's history and approaches. It begins with psychology's roots in ancient Greek philosophy and the early scientists who studied the mind and perception. It then discusses the founders of modern psychology, including Wundt, James, Freud, and Skinner. The document concludes with an overview of the major approaches in psychology like behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and biological perspectives.

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    of 67

    Unit 01 - Overview

    • Psychology’s History?
    • Psychology’s Big Issues and Approaches
    • Careers in Psychology

    Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
    Module 01:
    Psychology’s History
    Psychology’s Roots
    Prescientific Psychology
    • Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato, then Aristotle
    – Socrates & Plato: Mind is separable; knowledge is innate
    – Aristotle: Knowledge NOT innate; it grows from
    experiences
    • Rene Descartes
    – First to explain how the brain creates thought.
    • Francis Bacon: First to explain human perception
    • John Locke:
    – Tabula Rasa (blank slate)
    • Empiricism
    Psychology’s Roots
    Psychological Science is Born
    • Wilhelm Wundt (1879)
    –University of Leipzig
    –Reaction time
    experiment
    • G. Stanley Hall
    • Wundt’s American student
    • Set up first Psych lab at Johns Hopkins
    Univ. in 1883
    Psychology’s Roots
    Thinking About the Mind’s Structure
    • Soon, first three branches or
    approaches to psychology created
    • Edward Titchener
    –Structuralism

    • introspection
    Psychology’s Roots
    Thinking About the Mind’s Function
    • William James
    –Functionalism
    –a school of thought promoted by James and
    influenced by Darwin; explored how mental
    and behavioral processes function – how
    they enable the organism to adapt, survive,
    and flourish.
    –Based on principles of evolution
    –Smelling serves a function;
    consciousness serves a function
    Psychology’s Roots
    Thinking About the Mind’s Function
    • Mary Calkins: First female pres.
    Of APA.
    • Margaret Floy Washburn: First
    Psychology Ph.D.
    • Experimental psychology
    • The study of behavior and thinking using
    the experimental method.
    Psychological Science
    Develops
    • Sigmund Freud
    Psychological Science
    Develops
    • Behaviorism
    –John B. Watson
    • Rosalie Raynor
    Psychological Science
    Develops
    • Behaviorism
    –B.F. Skinner
    –“study of observable
    behavior”
    –conditioning
    Psychological Science
    Develops
    • Humanistic psychology
    –Carl Rogers
    –Abraham Maslow
    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • the interdisciplinary study of the brain
    activity linked with cognition (including
    perception, thinking, memory, and
    language).
    Psychological Science
    Develops

    • Psychology
    –Science
    –Behavior
    –Mental processes
    Module 02:
    Psychology’s Big Issues and
    Approaches
    Psychology’s Biggest
    Question
    • Nature – Nurture Issue
    –Biology versus experience
    –History
    • Greeks
    • Rene Descartes
    • Charles Darwin
    –Natural selection
    Psychology’s Three Main
    Levels of Analysis
    • Levels of Analysis
    –Biological
    –Psychological
    –Social-cultural
    • Biopsychosocial Approach
    Psychology’s Three Main
    Levels of Analysis
    Psychology’s Three Main
    Levels of Analysis
    Psychological
    Approaches/Perspectives
    • Behavioral perspective
    • Biological perspective
    • Cognitive perspective
    • Evolutionary perspective
    • Humanistic perspective
    • Psychodynamic perspective
    • Social-cultural perspective
    Psychology’s Subfields
    Psychology’s Subfields
    • Psychometrics
    • Basic Research
    – Biological psychologists
    – Developmental psychologists
    – Cognitive psychologists
    – Educational psychologists
    – Personality psychologists
    – Social psychologists
    Psychology’s Subfields

    • Applied Research
    – Industrial/organizational psychologists
    – Human factors psychologists
    – Counseling psychologists
    – Clinical psychologists
    – Psychiatrists
    – Positive psychology
    – Community psychologists
    Module 03:
    Careers in Psychology
    Basic Research Subfields

    • Cognitive psychologists
    • Developmental psychologists
    • Educational psychologists
    • Experimental psychologists
    • Psychometric and Quantitative
    Psychologists
    • Social psychologists
    Applied Research Subfields
    • Forensic psychologists
    • Health psychologists
    • Industrial/organizational (I/O)
    psychologists
    • Neuropsychologists
    • Rehabilitation psychologists
    • School psychologists
    • Sport psychologists
    The Helping Professions
    • Clinical psychologists
    • Community psychologists
    • Counseling psychologists
    The End
    Teacher Information
    • Unit Coding
    – Just as Myers’ Psychology for AP 2e is color coded to the College Board AP
    Psychology Course Description (Acorn Book) Units, so are these Powerpoints.
    The primary background color of each slide indicates the specific textbook unit.
    • Psychology’s History and Approaches
    • Research Methods
    • Biological Bases of Behavior
    • Sensation and Perception
    • States of Consciousness
    • Learning
    • Cognition
    • Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Personality
    • Testing and Individual Differences
    • Abnormal Psychology
    • Treatment of Abnormal Behavior
    • Social Psychology
    Teacher Information
    • Continuity slides
    – Throughout this presentation there are slides, usually of graphics or tables, that
    build on one another. These are included for three purposes.
    • By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and remember the
    concepts.
    • By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation.
    • To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to think about
    “what might come next” in the series of slides.
    • Please feel free to contact me at [email protected] with any
    questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations.
    Kent Korek
    Germantown High School
    Germantown, WI 53022
    262-253-3400
    [email protected]
    Division title (red print)
    subdivision title (blue print)
    • xxx
    –xxx
    –xxx
    Division title (red print in text)
    subdivision title (blue print in text)

    Use this slide to add a table, chart, clip art, picture, diagram, or video clip. Delete
    this box when finished
    Definition Slide

    = add definition here


    Definition
    Slides
    Empiricism
    = the view that knowledge originates in
    experience and that science should,
    therefore, rely on observation and
    experimentation.
    Structuralism
    = early school of thought promoted by
    Wundt and Titchner; used introspection to
    reveal the structure of the human mind.
    Functionalism
    = a school of thought promoted by James
    and influenced by Darwin; explored how
    mental and behavioral processes function
    – how they enable the organism to adapt,
    survive, and flourish.
    Experimental Psychology
    = the study of behavior and thinking using
    the experimental method.
    Behaviorism
    = the view that psychology (1) should be an
    objective science that (2) studies behavior
    without reference to mental processes.
    • Most research psychologists today agree
    with (1) but not with (2).
    Humanistic Psychology
    = a historically significant perspective that
    emphasized the growth potential of
    healthy people.
    Cognitive Neuroscience
    = the interdisciplinary study of the brain
    activity linked with cognition (including
    perception, thinking, memory, and
    language).
    Psychology
    = the science of behavior and mental
    processes.
    Nature-Nurture Issue
    = the longstanding controversy over the
    relative contributions that genes and
    experience make to the development of
    psychological traits and behaviors.
    • Today’s science sees traits and behaviors
    arising from the interaction of nature and
    nurture.
    Natural Selection
    = the principle that, among the range of
    inherited trait variations, those contributing
    to reproduction and survival will most likely
    be passed on to succeeding generations.
    Levels of Analysis
    = the differing complementary views, from
    biological to psychological to social-
    cultural, for analyzing any given
    phenomenon.
    Biopsychosocial Approach
    = an integrated approach that incorporates
    biological, psychological, and social-
    cultural levels of analysis.
    Behavioral Psychology
    = the scientific study of observable behavior,
    and its explanation by principles of
    learning.
    Biological Psychology
    = the scientific study of the links between
    biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and
    psychological processes.
    • Some biological psychologists call themselves
    – behavioral neuroscientists,
    – neuropsychologists,
    – behavior geneticists,
    – physiological psychologists, or
    – biopsychologists.
    Cognitive Psychology
    = the scientific study of all the mental
    activities associated with thinking,
    knowing, remembering, and
    communicating.
    Evolutionary Psychology
    = the study of the evolution of behavior and
    mind, using principles of natural selection.
    Psychodynamic Psychology
    = a branch of psychology that studies how
    unconscious drives and conflicts influence
    behavior, and uses that information to treat
    people with psychological disorders.
    Social-Cultural Psychology
    = the study of how situations and cultures
    affect our behavior and thinking.
    Psychometrics
    = the scientific study of the measurement of
    human abilities, attitudes, and traits.
    Basic Research
    = pure science that aims to increase the
    scientific knowledge base.
    Developmental Psychology
    = a branch of psychology that studies
    physical, cognitive, and social change
    throughout the life span.
    Educational Psychology
    = the study of how psychological processes
    affect and can enhance teaching and
    learning.
    Personality Psychology
    = the study of an individual’s characteristic
    pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
    Social Psychology
    = the scientific study of how we think about,
    influence, and relate to one another.
    Applied Research
    = scientific study that aims to solve practical
    problems.
    Industrial-Organizational (I/O)
    Psychologists
    = the application of psychological concepts
    and methods to optimizing human
    behavior in workplaces.
    Human Factors Psychologists
    = an I/O subfield that explores how people
    and machines interact and how machines
    and physical environments can be made
    safe and easy to use.
    Counseling Psychology
    = a branch of psychology that assists people
    with problems in living (often related to
    school, work, and marriage) and in
    achieving greater well-being.
    Clinical Psychology
    = a branch of psychology that studies,
    assesses, and treat people with
    psychological disorders.
    Psychiatry
    = a branch of medicine dealing with
    psychological disorders; practiced by
    physicians who often provide medical (for
    example, drug) treatments as well as
    psychological therapy.
    Positive Psychology
    = the scientific study of human functioning,
    with the goals of discovering and
    promoting strengths and virtues that help
    individuals and communities to thrive.
    Community Psychology
    = a branch of psychology that studies how
    people interact with their social
    environments and how social institutions
    affect individuals and groups.
    Testing Effect
    = enhanced memory after retrieving, rather
    than simply rereading information.
    • Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval
    practice effect or test-enhanced learning.
    SQ3R
    = a study method incorporating five steps;
    Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse,
    Review.

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