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    Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Amit Narayan Rai
    The document outlines the key processes in a modern refinery. It discusses (1) physical separation processes like crude distillation, solvent deasphalting, and solvent extraction/dewaxing; (2) chemical separation processes like catalytic reforming, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, and isomerization; and (3) thermal chemical conversion processes like delayed coking, flexicoking, and visbreaking. The overall flowsheet shows how crude oil is distilled and various fractions undergo downstream refining and conversion processes to produce petroleum products.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Amit Narayan Rai
    152 views22 pages
    The document outlines the key processes in a modern refinery. It discusses (1) physical separation processes like crude distillation, solvent deasphalting, and solvent extraction/dewaxing; (2) chemical separation processes like catalytic reforming, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, and isomerization; and (3) thermal chemical conversion processes like delayed coking, flexicoking, and visbreaking. The overall flowsheet shows how crude oil is distilled and various fractions undergo downstream refining and conversion processes to produce petroleum products.

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    Lecture 1.ppt

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    The document outlines the key processes in a modern refinery. It discusses (1) physical separation processes like crude distillation, solvent deasphalting, and solvent extraction/dewaxing; (2) chemical separation processes like catalytic reforming, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, and isomerization; and (3) thermal chemical conversion processes like delayed coking, flexicoking, and visbreaking. The overall flowsheet shows how crude oil is distilled and various fractions undergo downstream refining and conversion processes to produce petroleum products.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    152 views22 pages

    Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    Amit Narayan Rai
    The document outlines the key processes in a modern refinery. It discusses (1) physical separation processes like crude distillation, solvent deasphalting, and solvent extraction/dewaxing; (2) chemical separation processes like catalytic reforming, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, and isomerization; and (3) thermal chemical conversion processes like delayed coking, flexicoking, and visbreaking. The overall flowsheet shows how crude oil is distilled and various fractions undergo downstream refining and conversion processes to produce petroleum products.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Flow sheet of Modern Refinery

    Crude distillation products


    Petroleum Products
    High Conversion Refinery
    Refining Processes
     Physical Separation Processes:

     Crude Distillation: Crude first desalted >Atmospheric distillation


    column(with steam)>Vacuum distillation column (50 mm Hg).

     Solvent Deasphalting: Only physical process where carbon is rejected


    from heavy petroleum fraction such as vacuum residue. Propane in liquid
    form (at moderate pressure) is used to dissolve the whole oil, leaving
    asphaltene to precipitate.This low sulfur and low metal DAO is called “Bright
    Stock” and is used as feed stock for lube oil plant. Also sent to cracking
    units to increase light oil production.

     Solvent Extraction: Lube oil stock is treated by a solvent, such a s N-


    methyl pyrrolidone(NMP), which can separate aromatics into the extract
    phase. Solvent is then removed from both the phases and the raffinate is
    dewaxed.

     Solvent Dewaxing: The raffinate is dissolved in a solvent (MEK) and the


    solution is gradually chilled, during which high molecular weight paraffin
    (wax) is crystallized, and the remaining solution is filtered. Extracted and
    dewaxed oil is called “lube oil”.
    Refining Processes
     Chemical Separation Processes:

     Catalytic Reforming: Supported Pt catalyst used to reconstruct


    naphtha(C6-C10) into aromatics and isoparaffins. This produced
    naphtha reformate used in gasoline formulation and as a feedstock
    for aromatic production (BTX).

     Hydrotreating: Hydrogen used to clean petroleum fractions from


    impurities such as sulphur, nitrogen, oxy-compounds, chloro-
    compounds, aromatics, waxes and metals using hydrogen (cobalt
    and molybdenum oxides on alumina).

     Catalytic Hydrocracking: ARs and VGO are cracked in the


    presence of hydrogen to get light products.
    Refining Processes
     Chemical Separation Processes:

     Catalytic Cracking: FCCU uses zeolite based catalyst to crack


    VGO to gasoline and small quantities of gas oil and refinery gases.

     Alkylation: Process in which isobutane (collected mainly from FCC


    and delayed coker) reacts with olefins such as butylene (C4=).

     Isomerization: Isomerization of light naphtha is the process in


    which low octane number hydrocarbons (C4, C5, C6) are
    transformed to a branched product with the carbon number. Main
    advantage of this process is to separate hexane (C6) before it
    enters thereformer.
    Refining Processes
     Chemical Separation Processes:
     Thermal Chemical Conversion Processes:
     Delayed coking: This process is based on the thermal cracking
    of vacuum residue by carbon rejection forming coke and lighter
    products such a s gases, gasoline, and gas oils.

     Flexicoking: In this thermal process, most of the coke is gasified


    into fuel gas using steam and air. Products are gases, gasoline and
    gas oils with very little coke.

     Visbreaking: This is a mild thermal cracking process used to


    break the high viscosity and pour points of vacuum residue.
    Products include gases, gasoline, gas oil and unconverted residue.
    Refinery-Petrochemical Integration

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