Civil Engineering Materials Lec 1introduction

CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
LEC 1INTRODUCTION
Reference Books
 Materials in Construction – An introduction by G.D.
Taylor, Longman
 Materials in Construction – Principles, practice and
performance by G.D. Taylor, Longman
 Civil Engineering Materials - Shan Somaji, Prentice
Hall
INTRODUCTION
 Civil engineering consist of the design, construction,
maintenance, inspection and management of diverse
public works projects, from railroad to high rise
buildings to sewerage treatment centers.
 Their construction may be under or above ground,
offshore or inland, over deep valley or flat terrains and
upon rocky mountains or clayey soils.
 Need to select materials suitable for the performance
requirements for the situation.
 Successful operation of materials in buildings requires
an understanding of their characteristics as they affect
the building at all stages of its lifetime.
STAGES IN THE LIFE OF A BUILDING
/INFRASTRUCTURE
 Design
 Construction
 Operation and Maintenance
 Repair
 Demolition/ recycling
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
 Structural safety
 Safety in Fire
 Durability
 Safety in use and health
 Environmental issues
OTHER IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS
 Comfort
 Resistance to weathering
 Serviceability
 Appearance
CONSIDERATIONS
 Availability /cost
 Ease with which materials can be incorporated into
building (buildability)
 Environmental aspects – eg. Energy demand of
materials during manufacture and ability to
conserve energy in use.
MATERIALS SPECIFICATION
 Specification is often produce in order to assist the
contractor in pricing and carrying out work.
 Form part of the contract
 Material or prescriptive specification
 Detailed material description with process or technique
 Performance specification
 Materials/process description is minimal and specific
aspect of performance become of key importance. Eg.
the strength or durability of concrete
STANDARD - MS, BS, EN, ISO
 Standards are designed to encourage and promote the
use of materials or product with high quality and a
means of distinguishing such item from other available
items of an inferior quality
 Standard reflects improvements and changes and so
must be updated from time to time.
 They are produced by committee which will normally
represent the points of view of all parties with an
interest in the product, eg. manufacture, users,
researchers professional bodies and governments
institutions.
QUALITY , QUALITY CONTROL,
QUALITY ASSURANCE, - DEFINITION
 Quality Definition – fitness for purpose, ability of a product
or system to satisfy all the requirements it was designed to
meet.
 There is a cost implication as target quality level rise
 Quality control is the system of practical arrangement which
help to maintain quality.
 Attempt to identify possible defect event and implement
procedure to avoid them if possible and to detect and rectify
them should they occur
 Quality assurance is a management process designed to
inspire confidence in the product or process
 Quality management involve the operation of a
comprehensive system of quality control
MATERIALS AND TYPES -
DEFINITION
 Material – a substance or thing from which
something else can be made. Eg. Cloth, cement
 Building are made of concrete
 Material science examines the ‘why’ and ‘how’
behavior of the materials. Making it possible to
advance the development of new materials
 Material engineering – understanding and review
of properties and uses of materials commonly used
in engineering
MATERIALS AND TYPES -
CATEGORIES
 Amorphous materials
 Brittle materials
 Building materials
 Ceramic materials
 Clay Brickwork
 Composite materials
 Construction materials
 Crystalline materials
 Ductile materials
 Elastic materials
 Elastomeric materials
 Insulating materials
 Magnetic materials
 Metallic material
 Semiconductor materials
 Polymeric materials
 Thermoplastic materials
 Waste materials
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
13
 Materials use for construction of buildings,

highways, bridges, mostly infrastructure.
 Most importance materials are
 Concrete
 Timber
 Asphalt / Bitumen
 Steel
CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS -
BASIC
 Wood
 Cement and concrete
 Bitumen and bituminous material
 Structural clay and concrete units
 Reinforcing and structural steels
CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS –
SECONDARY
 Usually non structural materials
 Sealants
 Adhesives
 Floorand wall covering

 Doors windows
 Glass
 Thermoplastic
COMMON PROPERTIES OF
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
 Materials for engineering are selected as to
performed satisfactorily during service.
 Performance requirements or property specification
are not the same for all structure or structural
materials.
 Common properties are group under 3 major
headings
 Physical
properties
 Mechanical properties
 Chemical properties
OTHER PROPERTIES OF
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
 Thermal
 Electrical
 Magnetic
 Acoustical
 Optical
SELECTION OF MATERIALS
 Must perform the following functions
 Carry prescribed loads
 Satisfy serviceability and durability requirement
 Be aesthetically pleasing
 Be economically practical
 Be environmentally friendly

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CIVIL ENGINEERING

 Materials use for construction of buildings,

 Floorand wall covering

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