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    Module 7 Light Sensors

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    Jyothi Samanthula
    This document discusses light sensors and provides details about two common types - light dependent resistors (LDRs) and photodiodes. It describes the construction, working principles and characteristics of LDRs and photodiodes. Experiments are outlined to control an LED's brightness based on light intensity measured by an LDR and to monitor light intensity readings from an LDR on a serial monitor. Self-study topics on phototransistors are assigned along with a related assignment.

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    Module 7 Light Sensors

    Uploaded by

    Jyothi Samanthula
    878 views24 pages
    This document discusses light sensors and provides details about two common types - light dependent resistors (LDRs) and photodiodes. It describes the construction, working principles and characteristics of LDRs and photodiodes. Experiments are outlined to control an LED's brightness based on light intensity measured by an LDR and to monitor light intensity readings from an LDR on a serial monitor. Self-study topics on phototransistors are assigned along with a related assignment.

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    This document discusses light sensors and provides details about two common types - light dependent resistors (LDRs) and photodiodes. It describes the construction, working principles and characteristics of LDRs and photodiodes. Experiments are outlined to control an LED's brightness based on light intensity measured by an LDR and to monitor light intensity readings from an LDR on a serial monitor. Self-study topics on phototransistors are assigned along with a related assignment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    878 views24 pages

    Module 7 Light Sensors

    Uploaded by

    Jyothi Samanthula
    This document discusses light sensors and provides details about two common types - light dependent resistors (LDRs) and photodiodes. It describes the construction, working principles and characteristics of LDRs and photodiodes. Experiments are outlined to control an LED's brightness based on light intensity measured by an LDR and to monitor light intensity readings from an LDR on a serial monitor. Self-study topics on phototransistors are assigned along with a related assignment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Module 7

    Light Sensors

    Ch.Rajendra Prasad
    Asst.Professor
    Department of Electronics and Communication
    Engineering
    Outline
    Light sensors
    Types of Light sensors
    LDR
    Photodiode
    Experiment
    Activity
    Light Sensors
    Light sensors are devices that are used to
    convert light energy into electrical energy
    These sensors are used to control, major
    electronic appliances

    Light Resistance/
    Light
    Sensor Current
    Types of Light Sensors
    Light dependent resistor
    Photo Diode
    Photo transistor
    Light Dependent Resistor(LDR)
    LDR is a device whose resistance
    is a function of amount of light
    falling on it.
    This is also called as
     Photoresistor
     Photoconductor
     Photoconductive cell
     simply Photocells.
    Construction
    Made up of with semiconductor materials
    having high resistance.

    Like cadmium sulphide, lead sulphide


    (PbS), lead selenide (PbSe), indium
    antimonide(InSb).

    Cadmium sulphide is used in the


    manufacture of photoconductive cells
    because its spectral response curve
    closely matches that of the human eye
    and can even be controlled using a
    simple torch as a light source.
    Working principle - Photo
    conductivity
     Photo conductivity is an optical
    phenomenon in which the materials
    conductivity is increased when light is
    Conduction
    absorbed by the material.
    Band-

    Photon energy
    hv ≥ Eg
    +
    Valence
    band
    Characteristics
    Specifications of LDR
    Parameter Value
    Max power dissipation 200mW
    Max voltage @ 0 lux 200V
    Peak wavelength 600nm
    Min. resistance @ 10lux 1.8kΩ
    Max. resistance @ 10lux 4.5kΩ
    Typ. resistance @ 100lux 0.7kΩ
    Dark resistance after 1 sec 0.03MΩ
    Dark resistance after 5 sec 0.25MΩ
    LDR Real time application
    Photodiode
    A photodiode is a type of photo detector
    capable of converting light energy into
    electrical energy. It is sometimes referred as
    photo-detector, photo-sensor, or light detector.
    Photodiodes are similar to regular
    semiconductor diode except that they may be
    either exposed (to detect UV or X-rays) or
    packaged with a window or optical fiber to allow
    light to reach the sensitive part of the device
    A photodiode is designed to operate in reverse
    bias
    Types of Photodiodes
    PN junction
    PIN Photodiode
    Avalanche
    Photodiode
    Working V-I
    Characteristics

    I(µA)

    Illuminati
    on
    (lux)
    Applications
    Photovoltaic –solar Photoconductive
    cells -photodiode
    Medical applications
    Computer Pulse oximeters
    tomography
    Features
    Excellent linearity with respect
    to incident light
    Low noise
    Wide spectral response
    Mechanically rugged
    Compact and lightweight Long
    life
    Experiment

    Control brightness of LED based


    on intensity of light using LDR
    Aim: To control brightness of LED
    based on intensity of light using LDR.
    Equipment’s Required:
    1.Personal computer/Laptop/Mobile
    2.Arduino software
    3.Arduino Mega 2560 board
    4.Universal Serial Bus(USB) Cable
    5.Bread Board
    6.Connecting Wires
    7.Light Dependent Resistor(LDR)
    8.Light Emitting Diode(LED)
    9.Resistors :1KΩ, 220Ω
    Circuit diagram:

    Arduino
    Mega
    220Ω 2560 220Ω
    A 9
    2
    1MΩ
    -
    100
    Ω
    Sketch:
    int LED=9;
    int LDR=A2;
    void setup( )
    {
    Serial.begin(9600);
    }
    void loop( )
    {
    int value = analogRead (LDR);
    Serial.println(value);
    value/=4;
    analogWrite (LED, value);
    delay(1000);
    }
    Activity
    Monitor light intensity using LDR and
    display it on serial monitor, if intensity
    is >512lux turn ON LED.
    Self study topic
    Phototransistor
    Assignment
    Explain construction and working
    phototransistor.
    List five real time applications of
    phototransistor
    Submission date: .
    17.2018(Monday) 1:20PM.
    Aim:To monitor light intensity using LDR and
    display it on serial monitor, if intensity is >512lux turn
    ON LED. int LED = 9;
    int LDR = A2;
    int LDRReading = 0;
    void setup( )
    {
    pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);
    Serial.begin (9600);
    }
    void loop( )
    {
    LDRReading = analogRead (LDR);
    if (LDRReading > 512);
    digitalWrite (LED, HIGH);
    else
    digitalWrite (LED, LOW);
    Serial.println (LDRReading);
    delay(1000);
    }
    Assignment 2

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