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    Geostationary Satellite

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    hemalatha bk
    Geostationary satellites orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the Earth's equator. They maintain a constant position relative to a point on the Earth's surface. These satellites are commonly used for communications and weather observation due to this positioning. Launching satellites into geostationary orbit requires first placing them into a lower orbit using a rocket, then transferring them to the higher orbit through additional propulsion systems like perigee and apogee kick motors.

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    Geostationary Satellite

    Uploaded by

    hemalatha bk
    1K views30 pages
    Geostationary satellites orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the Earth's equator. They maintain a constant position relative to a point on the Earth's surface. These satellites are commonly used for communications and weather observation due to this positioning. Launching satellites into geostationary orbit requires first placing them into a lower orbit using a rocket, then transferring them to the higher orbit through additional propulsion systems like perigee and apogee kick motors.

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    Geo stationary satellite orbits

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    Geostationary Satellite Ppt

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    Geostationary satellites orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the Earth's equator. They maintain a constant position relative to a point on the Earth's surface. These satellites are commonly used for communications and weather observation due to this positioning. Launching satellites into geostationary orbit requires first placing them into a lower orbit using a rocket, then transferring them to the higher orbit through additional propulsion systems like perigee and apogee kick motors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views30 pages

    Geostationary Satellite

    Uploaded by

    hemalatha bk
    Geostationary satellites orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the Earth's equator. They maintain a constant position relative to a point on the Earth's surface. These satellites are commonly used for communications and weather observation due to this positioning. Launching satellites into geostationary orbit requires first placing them into a lower orbit using a rocket, then transferring them to the higher orbit through additional propulsion systems like perigee and apogee kick motors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    INTRODUCTION OF

    GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
     A geostationary satellite is any
    satellite which is placed in a
    geostationary orbit. Satellites in
    geostationary orbit maintain a
    constant position relative to the
    surface of the earth.
     Geostationary satellites do this by
    orbiting the earth approximately
    22,300 miles above the equator. This
    orbital path is called the Clarke Belt,
    in honor of Arthur C. Clarke.
    INTRODUCTION CONTINUE

     In other words, if a satellite in a


    geostationary orbit is in a certain
    place above the earth, it will stay in
    that same spot above the earth. Its
    latitude stays at zero and its
    longitude remains constant.
     Geostationary satellites are
    commonly used for communications
    and weather-observation.
    INTRODUCTION CONTINUE
     The typical service life expectancy of a
    geostationary satellite is ten to fifteen
    years.
     Because geostationary satellites circle the
    earth at the equator, they are not able to
    provide coverage at the Northernmost and
    Southernmost latitudes.
     Geostationary orbits are often referred to
    as geosynchronous or just GEO.
     A geo-stationary orbit is also
    sometimes called: stationary, or
    synchronous orbit.
    DIAGRAM OF GEO SATELLITE
    CLASSIFICATION

     LEO (LOWER EARTH ORBIT)

     MEO (MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT)

     GEO (GEOSTATIONARY
    ORBIT)
    ORBITAL ALTITUDE

     LEO 500-2,000KM Above the


    earth.
     MEO 8,000-20,000KM Above
    the earth.
     GEO 35,786KM Above the
    earth.
    HISTORY OF GEO ORBIT
     The concept of the geostationary orbit has been
    around since the early part of the twentieth century.
     The person most widely given credit for the concept
    of using this orbit for communications is ARTHUR
    C. CLARKE.
     In an article he published in Wireless World in
    October 1945 titled "Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can
    Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?"
    Clarke extrapolates from the German rocket
    research of the time to a day when communications
    around the world would be possible via a network of
    three geostationary satellites spaced at equal
    intervals around the earth's equator.
    GEO ORBIT DIAGRAM
    ADVANTAGES

     High coverage area.


     Five geostationary satellites are
    enough to cover all of the regions
    of the Earth.
     One ground segment is enough for
    the satellite monitoring.
     No problem with frequency
    changes.
    DIS-ADVANTAGES

     Polar regions are not observed.


     One big problem with Geostationary
    satellites is that since they are always
    positioned above the equator they can't
    see the north or south poles and are of
    limited use for latitudes greater than
    60-70 degrees north or south.
     Weak signal after traveling over 35,000
    km.
     Signal sending delay.
    GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
    ARE USEFUL FOR MANY
    APPLICATIONS
     TELECOMMUNICATION:-
     World wide operational
    telecommunication systems for
    telephones, TV and digitized
    transmission lines.
     ARMY:-
     Alarm systems - detection of rocket
    launches.
     Geostationary satellites are also
    commonly used for communications
    and weather-observation.
    LAUNCHING
    PROCEDURE
    S
    Introductio
    n
    • Launching is depends on the orbit of satellite to be launched.
    • Satellites are directly injected into Lower Earth
    Orbit(LEO) with the help of Launch Vehicles.
    • Shuttle flying into an orbit are inclined at 28.5 degree to the
    Equator of Earth Surface.
    • Rockets have capabilities to put satellite into orbit which are
    above 120 miles from earth surface
    Type
    s
    Launch Vehicles are classified as

    1. Expendable Launch Vehicle - Delta &Ariane


    Rockets
    2. Reusable Launch Vehicle - Space Shuttle or STS
    Expendable Launch
    Vehicle

    An expendable launch system is uses to carry a


    payload into space. The vehicles used in expendable launch
    systems are designed to be used only once (i.e. they are
    "expended" during a single flight), and their components are not
    recovered for re-use after launch.
    Reusable Launch
    Vehicle
    A reusable launch system is capable of launching a
    payload into space more than once. No completely reusable
    orbital launch system .
    The Space Shuttle was partially reusable:
    • Space Shuttle main engines
    • two solid rocket boosters
    were reused after several months of refitting work for
    each launch. The external tank and launch vehicle load frame
    were discarded after each flight
    To launch satellite above 200 km direct
    injection by rocket is not possible. In
    such cases ,the satellite is placed into
    transfer orbit between destination orbit it
    is known as “Hohmann Transfer orbit”

    Video -> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDbWsBzfkiM


    Hohmann transfer orbit is tangent at the perigee of
    LEO and destination orbit. It carry

    • Perigee kick motor


    • Apogee kick motor
    • Propulsion system
    • Auto piloting
    • System required for satellite
    Perigee kick motor – Provide required thrust at perigee
    which injects satellite into transfer
    orbit from circular to elliptical.

    Apogee kick motor – It changes the velocity of satellite


    which require transfer orbit from
    elliptical to circular.
    Launching
    Procedure

    1. Circular low earth orbit


    2. Hohmann elliptical transfer orbit
    3. Intermediate drift orbit
    4. Circular geostationary orbit
    consider a satellite is made at the
    point A with annaiper
    From altitude,
    rule, λ and Azimuth
    angle cos i = cos λ sin Az cos imin =
    cos λ
    or
    imin = λ
    Problems in
    Launching
    Problems such as :
    • Vibration
    • Emission of Gases
    • Weather at launching time
    • Error during Countdown
    LAUNCHING
    VEHICLES AND
    PROPULSION
    Launching of a satellite into orbit is an extraordinary
    complex and costly operation.
    Launch vehicle includes
    • Engines
    • propellant storage and pumps
    • guidance and control

    India First Launch Vehicle SLV-3 (1980)


    PSLV Launch more then 55 satellite into orbit
    SLV ASLV
    Principle of rocket
    propulsion

    Video -> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebhOnf65N9Q


    Life Cycle of Space
    Shuttle

    Space Shuttle Launch From Earth


    Video -> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnoNITE-CLc

    Space Shuttle Return To Earth


    Video -> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCeukUsCodk

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