Heat and Work

 Whatare the different
forms/types of energy that

we had discuss?
Mechanical energy,
Heat energy
sound energy
light energy
electrical energy
potential and
Kinetic energy
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Law of Energy
Conservation
 Energy is cannot be created
or destroy it is transformed
from one form to another.
 I have here a simple activity
in order for you to recall the
energy transformation that
exist in a certain condition.
Example
Lighting a match
Chemical energy transforming

into radiant (light) and
thermal (heat).
Windmill
– Mechanical (wind) 
Mechanical (turning
blades)
Flashlight
– Chemical & Electric

(batteries)  Radiant
(light) & Thermal (heat)
Microwave
– Electric (outlet) 
Radiant (light), Mechanical
(Sound) & Thermal (heat)
Objectives:
 Define Thermodynamics
 Distinguish relationship
between Work and Heat
 Identify formula used in
solving problems related
to Heat and Work.
I will show you pictures and
you will give me the word
associated with those
pictures. The first one to
stand will be recognized and
if he/she can give the correct
answer he/she will get a
prize.
 Lets start.
 What can you infer out of
these pictures?
 What word is associated
with the pictures?
 HEAT
 How about this
 WORK
 This one
 HEAT AND WORK

 (Thermodynamics)
 HEAT- Heat is the energy transferred from
one object to another due to their
temperature difference.
 Symbol:
 HEAT= Q=mc ΔT
 Where:
 Q = Heat in Joule, Calorie
 m = mass in grams
 c = specific heat capacity, J/g-⁰C
 ΔT = Change in Temperature
 1 cal = 4.184 Joule
 Work is the energy
transferred when an object is
moved with a force.
 WORK = F X D
 Where: W = work in Joule
 F = Force in Newton
 D = Distance in Meter
 1 Nm = 1 J
 Thermodynamics” is the study of
these energy transfers.
 “Thermo” = heat
 “dynamics” = change
 Thermodynamics:
 "thermo": Greek therme heat

"dynamics": Greek dynamikos
powerful
 Thermodynamics”
 Physics that deals with the
mechanical action or relations
between heat and work
 Example 1: Heat to work

 Heat Q from flame
provides energy to do work

--------------------------------------------------------
- Example 2:

Work to heat.

Work done by person
is converted
to heat energy via
friction.
The First Law of Thermodynamics
states that :
The internal energy of a system
changes from an initial value Ui to a
final value Uf due to heat added (Q)
and work done by the system (W)
 U = Uf – Ui = Q – W
 Q is positive when the system gains
heat, and negative when the system
loses heat.
 W is positive when it is done BY the
system, and negative when it is done
ON the system
 The First Law of
Thermodynamics
- states that the total energy
of an isolated system is
constant; energy can be
transformed from one form
to another, but cannot be
created or destroyed.
A “system” is the “collection
of objects on which attention
is being focused”
 The“surroundings” are
everything else in the
environment.
 Thesystem and
surroundings must be
separated by walls which
can either insulate or allow
heat flow.
Types of System:
OPEN SYSTEM: Mass and energy freely moves in and out between the system and the surrounding
 Types
of
System:
 OPEN SYSTEM: Mass and energy freely

moves in and out between the system
and the surrounding
 ISOLATED SYSTEM: No interaction
between the system and the surrounding
 CLOSED SYSTEM: fixed mass
 Examples:
• Heat (Q) is added to the

system, therefore the system
absorbs heat causing expansion
within the system. (Q is positive)
 Examples:
• Work (W) it expands while it

is being heated. (W is negative)
 Examples:
 ΔU, the change in Internal Energy,

if the heat added is 30kJ, and the
Work done by the system is 15kJ,
therefore, ΔU is 45kJ
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEAT AND
WORK
Why does the volume of gas expands when it is heated?
W=Fxd
Pressure (P) = (Force) F or F=
PA
(Area) A
Volume (V) = L x W x H or A x d
d=V
W A= P A V = P V
A
The First Law of Thermodynamics states
that :
The internal energy of a system
changes from an initial value Ui to a
final value Uf due to heat added (Q)
and work done by the system (W)
 U = Uf – U i = Q – W
 Q is positive when the system gains
heat, and negative when the system
loses heat.
 W is positive when it is done BY the
system, and negative when it is done
ON the system
II. QUESTIONS:
APPLICATION
• Predict the convention signs of heat
and work when
1. A gas-filled balloon is heated over a
flame
2. Water is heated to the point of
vaporization
3. A hot iron bar is placed in cool
water.
ANSWER
1. Heat is positive and
work is negative.
2. Heat is positive and
work is negative.
3. Heat is negative and the
work is positive.
III. CONCLUSION:
1. What is Heat, Work and
Thermodynamics?
2. How can you determine the
sign of heat and work if they
are done by or on the system?
3. What is the formula for
change in Internal energy?
DO NOT FORGET...
• Prepare the following
materials for tomorrow’s
activity.
1. Water
2. Beaker
3. Tripod
4. Burner/alcohol lamp
5. Match
THANK YOU!

Heat and Work

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Heat and Work

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 Whatare the different

forms/types of energy that

Chemical energy transforming

– Chemical & Electric

 HEAT AND WORK

 "thermo": Greek therme heat

 Example 1: Heat to work

provides energy to do work

 OPEN SYSTEM: Mass and energy freely

• Heat (Q) is added to the

• Work (W) it expands while it

 ΔU, the change in Internal Energy,

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