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    Exceptions To The Rule of Dominance & Recessiveness: Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, & Sex-Linked Traits

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    michelle
    1. Incomplete dominance results in heterozygotes having an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes. For example, a cross between red and white flowers results in pink flowers. 2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote. For example, chickens with black and white feathers and humans with Type AB blood. 3. Sex-linked traits are carried on the X or Y chromosome, so most often affect males since they only have one X chromosome. For example, in fruit flies eye color is located on the X chromosome.

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    Exceptions To The Rule of Dominance & Recessiveness: Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, & Sex-Linked Traits

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    michelle
    20 views17 pages
    1. Incomplete dominance results in heterozygotes having an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes. For example, a cross between red and white flowers results in pink flowers. 2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote. For example, chickens with black and white feathers and humans with Type AB blood. 3. Sex-linked traits are carried on the X or Y chromosome, so most often affect males since they only have one X chromosome. For example, in fruit flies eye color is located on the X chromosome.

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    1. Incomplete dominance results in heterozygotes having an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes. For example, a cross between red and white flowers results in pink flowers. 2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote. For example, chickens with black and white feathers and humans with Type AB blood. 3. Sex-linked traits are carried on the X or Y chromosome, so most often affect males since they only have one X chromosome. For example, in fruit flies eye color is located on the X chromosome.

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    20 views17 pages

    Exceptions To The Rule of Dominance & Recessiveness: Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, & Sex-Linked Traits

    Uploaded by

    michelle
    1. Incomplete dominance results in heterozygotes having an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes. For example, a cross between red and white flowers results in pink flowers. 2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote. For example, chickens with black and white feathers and humans with Type AB blood. 3. Sex-linked traits are carried on the X or Y chromosome, so most often affect males since they only have one X chromosome. For example, in fruit flies eye color is located on the X chromosome.

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    Exceptions to the Rule of

    Dominance & Recessiveness


    Incomplete Dominance,
    Codominance, & Sex-Linked Traits
    Incomplete Dominance
    and
    Codominance
    Incomplete Dominance
    • Heterozygotes have an appearance somewhat
    in between the phenotypes of the dominant
    and the recessive. (Mix)
    • Example: snapdragons (flower)
    • red (RR) x white (rr)
    R R

    • RR = red flower r
    • rr = white flower
    r
    Incomplete Dominance

    R R

    Rr Rr All Rr = pink
    r
    (heterozygous pink)
    r Rr Rr
    Incomplete Dominance
    Codominance
    • Both dominant and recessive alleles are
    expressed (multiple alleles) in heterozygous
    individuals.
    • Ex. Erminette chicken feathers
    • Both black and white feathers
    Codominance in Erminette Chickens
    Codominance
    • Example: blood type

    • 1. type A = IAIA or IAi


    • 2. type B = IBIB or IBi
    • 3. type AB = IAIB
    • 4. type O = ii
    Codominance Problem
    • Example: homozygous male Type B (IBIB)
    • x
    heterozygous female Type A (IAi)

    IB IB

    IA IAIB IAIB
    1/2 = IAIB
    1/2 = IBi
    i IBi IBi
    Another Codominance Problem

    • Example: male Type O (ii)


    x
    female type AB (IAIB)
    IA IB

    i IAi IBi 1/2 = IAi


    1/2 = IBi
    i IAi IBi
    Codominance
    • Question:
    If a boy has a blood type O and his
    sister has blood type AB, what are
    the genotypes and phenotypes
    of their parents?

    • boy - type O (ii) X girl - type AB (IAIB)


    Codominance

    • Answer:

    IA i

    IB IAIB Parents:
    genotypes = IAi and IBi
    phenotypes = A and B
    i ii
    Sex-linked Traits

    • Traits (genes) located on the sex


    chromosomes
    • Sex chromosomes are X and Y
    • XX genotype for females
    • XY genotype for males
    • Many sex-linked traits carried on X
    chromosome
    Sex-linked Traits
    Example: Eye color in fruit flies
    Sex Chromosomes

    fruit fly
    eye color

    XX chromosome - female Xy chromosome - male


    Sex-linked Trait Problem
    • Example: Eye color in fruit flies
    • (red-eyed male) x (white-eyed female)
    XRY x XrXr
    • Remember: the Y chromosome in males does
    not carry traits.
    • RR = red eyed XR y
    • Rr = red eyed
    • rr = white eyed
    XR
    • Xy = male
    • XX = female
    Xr
    Sex-linked Trait Solution:

    XR y
    50% red eyed
    Xr XR Xr Xr y
    female
    50% white eyed
    Xr XR Xr Xr y male
    Female Carriers

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