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    4 Types of Quantitative Research

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    Ken Claudie
    This document provides an overview of quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as explaining phenomena by collecting and analyzing numerical data, especially using statistics. Quantitative research focuses on gathering measurable data from sources like surveys in order to generalize results across groups or explain a phenomenon. There are four main types of quantitative research: descriptive research observes and describes a situation; correlational research tests relationships between variables; causal-comparative research looks for statistical relationships between non-manipulated variables; and experimental research tests hypotheses by manipulating an independent variable and measuring its effects.

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    4 Types of Quantitative Research

    Uploaded by

    Ken Claudie
    2K views17 pages
    This document provides an overview of quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as explaining phenomena by collecting and analyzing numerical data, especially using statistics. Quantitative research focuses on gathering measurable data from sources like surveys in order to generalize results across groups or explain a phenomenon. There are four main types of quantitative research: descriptive research observes and describes a situation; correlational research tests relationships between variables; causal-comparative research looks for statistical relationships between non-manipulated variables; and experimental research tests hypotheses by manipulating an independent variable and measuring its effects.

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    The 4 Types of Quantitative Research with examples provided

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    This document provides an overview of quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as explaining phenomena by collecting and analyzing numerical data, especially using statistics. Quantitative research focuses on gathering measurable data from sources like surveys in order to generalize results across groups or explain a phenomenon. There are four main types of quantitative research: descriptive research observes and describes a situation; correlational research tests relationships between variables; causal-comparative research looks for statistical relationships between non-manipulated variables; and experimental research tests hypotheses by manipulating an independent variable and measuring its effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    2K views17 pages

    4 Types of Quantitative Research

    Uploaded by

    Ken Claudie
    This document provides an overview of quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as explaining phenomena by collecting and analyzing numerical data, especially using statistics. Quantitative research focuses on gathering measurable data from sources like surveys in order to generalize results across groups or explain a phenomenon. There are four main types of quantitative research: descriptive research observes and describes a situation; correlational research tests relationships between variables; causal-comparative research looks for statistical relationships between non-manipulated variables; and experimental research tests hypotheses by manipulating an independent variable and measuring its effects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    Introduction to Quantitative

    Research
    The following definition, taken from Aliaga
    and Gunderson (2000), describes what we
    mean by quantitative research methods
    very well:

    “Quantitative research is Explaining


    phenomena by collecting numerical data
    that are analyzed using mathematically
    based methods (in particular, statistics)”.
    Quantitative Research
    “Quantitative methods emphasize objective
    measurements and the statistical, mathematical,
    or numerical analysis of data collected through
    polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by
    manipulating pre-existing statistical data
    using computational techniques. Quantitative
    research focuses on gathering numerical data and
    generalizing it across groups of people or to explain
    a particular phenomenon”.
    Babbie, Earl R. The Practice of Social Research. 12th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage, 2010; Muijs,
    Daniel. Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. 2nd edition. London: SAGE Publications, 2010.
    What is Quantitative
    Research?

     In a nutshell, quantitative research generates


    numerical data or information that can be
    converted into numbers.
     Only measurable data are being gathered and
    analyzed in quantitative research.
    Quantitative Data
    “Quantitative data is information about
    quantities; that is, information that can be
    measured and written down with numbers.”

     Some examples of quantitative data are


    your height, your shoe size, and the length
    of your fingernails.
     Quantitative data defines
    whereas qualitative data describes.
    FOUR TYPES OF
    QUANTITATIVE
    RESEARCH
    PREPARED: KEN CLAUDIE E. LUGATIMAN
     Descriptive Research
    Correlational Research
    Causal Comparative /
    Quasi-Experimental
    Experimental Research
    DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
    This type of research describes what
    exists and may help to uncover new facts
    and meaning. The purpose of descriptive
    research is to

    observe, describe, document

    aspects of a situation as it naturally


    occurs.
     Seeks to describe the current
    status of an identified variable or
    phenomenon.

     The researcher does not usually


    begin with a hypothesis, but is
    likely to develop one after
    collecting data.
    CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
    ..tests for the relationships between two
    variables. Performing research is done to:

    establish what is the effect of one on


    the other might be and how that affects
    the relationship.

    “a noticed occurrence”
    ..the survey is conducted on a minimum
    of two groups.

    • Remember, correlation does not


    always mean causation:

    e.g. just because two data points


    sync doesn’t mean that there is a
    direct cause and effect relationship
    CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE /
    QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
    ..looks to uncover a cause and effect
    relationship.

    i.e. research is not conducted


    between the two groups on each
    other, but look for a statistical
    relationship
    ..the study of two or more groups is
    done without focusing on their
    relationship.

    “Remember, causal-comparative
    involves comparison.”
    • An independent variable is
    identified but not manipulated by
    the researcher, and the effects of
    the IV on the DV are measured.

    • The researcher does not randomly


    assign groups and must use ones
    that are naturally formed or pre-
    existing groups.
    EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
    ..is guided specifically by a
    hypothesis.

    Often called true experimentation,


    this type of research uses the
    scientific method to establish cause-
    effect relationship among a group of
    variables that make up a study.
    “Remember, the independent
    variable is manipulated to
    determine the effects on the
    dependent variables.

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