Third Periodical Test

LESSON 1:
INDIA
India is the largest
country in South Asia. Its
music is as vast as its
geographic location and
as large as its
demographic
population.
The music of India reflects
different aspects of Asian culture
through its timbre, rhythm,
melody, texture, form, and style.
In general, Indian music remains
fundamental to the lives of the
people of India as a source of
spiritual inspiration, cultural
expression, and entertainment.
VOCAL
MUSIC
India's classical music
tradition, includes Carnatic
and Hindustani music
which have developed over
many centuries. Music of
India also includes several
types of folk and popular
music.
One aspect of vocal music
uses melismatic singing
with nasal vocal quality,
when compared with the
Philippine music which
uses melismatic singing is
only used in chanting epics
and the pasyon.
The Samagana style of
singing developed into a
strong and diverse tradition
over several centuries,
becoming an established
part of contemporary
tradition in India.
The hymns in Sama Veda, a
sacred text, were sung as
Samagana and not chanted.
Sama Veda is the third of the
four Vedas of Hinduism but
ranks next to Rig Veda
(Rigveda) in terms of its
sanctity and liturgical
importance.
Rig Veda is an ancient
Indian sacred collection of
Vedic Sanskrit hymns. Some
of its verses are still recited
as Hindu prayers at
religious functions and
other occasions.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF TRADITIONAL
MUSIC FROM
INDIA
1. Carnatic music
 refers to music from South India
 directed to a Hindu god, which is why it is called
“temple music”
 unlike Hindustani music, Carnatic music is unified
where schools are based on the same ragas, the
same solo instruments (veena, flute, violin) and
the same rhythm instrument (mridangam and
ghatam)
 music pieces are mainly set for the voice and
with lyrics
 compositions called krti are devotional songs
2. Hindustani music
 goes back to Vedic period times around
1000 BC
 further developed in the 13th and 14th
centuries AD with Persian influences
and from existing religious and folk
music
 predominantly found in the northern
and central regions
 influenced by ancient Hindu musical
traditions, historical Vedic
religion/Vedic philosophy, native
Indian sounds and enriched by the
Persian performance practices of the
Mughal era
nasal singing is observed in their
vocal music o
in North India, the most common style
of singing is called khyal, a word
which means imagination
INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC
There are many musical instruments in
India. Some instruments are used
primarily in North Indian music
(Hindustani Sangeet) while many other
instruments are used in South Indian
music (Carnatic Sangeet). Instrumental
music is often similar to vocal music
but sometimes they have distinctive
instrumental styles. There are five
known traditional systems for
classification of instruments.
CLASSIFICATION
OF MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
FROM INDIA:
1. Ghan
 described as a non-membranous
percussive instrument but with
solid resonators. It is one of the
oldest classes of instrument in
India. It may also be a melodic
instrument or instruments to
keep tal.
2. Avanaddh
described as a
membranous percussive
instrument. This class of
instruments typically
comprise the drums.
3. Sushir
also known as blown
air. It is characterized
by the use of air to
excite the various
resonators.
4. Tat
referred to as vina
during the old
civilization. Instruments
in this class are plucked
(stringed instruments).
5. Vitat
described as bowed stringed

instruments. This is of the
oldest classifications of
instruments and yet did not
occupy a place in classical
Indian music until the last
few centuries.
TALA
Rhythm plays an important role in
Indian music. It is fundamental to the
creation of any musical system.
Certainly, from a historical stand point,
rhythm existed many centuries ago
before the word “rag” was ever used.
Given this historical pre-eminence, it is
not surprising that rhythm occupies an
important position in the Indian system
of music.
Tala
- literally meaning ‘clap;’ variously
transliterated as “tal”, “taal” or “taala”
- is a regular, repeating rhythmic
phrase, particularly as rendered on a
percussive instrument with an ebb and
flow of various intonations
represented as a ''theka'' - is the
common Indian system of rhythm.
Theka
- a sequence of drum-syllables
or ''bol'' - in Indian classical
music, both Hindustani classical
music and Carnatic music use
complex rules to create
elaborate patterns of rhythm
Tabla
- most common
instrument for keeping
rhythm in Hindustani
music
Mridangam
- most common instrument
for keeping rhythm in
Carnatic music -
also transliterated as
“mridang”
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Name It! Name the
following Indian musical
instruments. Write the
answers on a separate
sheet of paper or in your
notebook.

Third Periodical Test

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Third Periodical Test

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Third Periodical Test

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LESSON 1:

You might also like