MAPEH 8

MUSIC • ARTS • PHYSICAL EDUCATION • HEALTH

Music 8
Module1
Quarter 3
Lesson 1: Music of South Asia and Middle East:
“Indian Music”

Introductory Message
 EXPECTATION

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to
• identify the characteristics of traditional music of India;
• distinguish the differences and similarities of the characteristics of traditional
music of India relating it to its tradition and culture. ; and
• create an illustration that reflects the rich culture of India

RECAP

Directions: CLASSIFICATION: Write C if the given characteristics described the

music of China, K if Korea and J if Japan. Write in on the space
provided before each number.

1.Their music is usually solo rather than choral.

2.Their music has a slow tempo, giving it a very peaceful and pensive character.
3.Their music is basically meditative in character.
4.Most of their music is melodic rather than harmonic.
5.Their music is highly ritualized.

LESSON
Lesson 1
Quarter 3: Music of Asia and Middle East: “Indian Music”

INTRODUCTION

Time to travel again! Did you enjoy learning and experiencing the music of East
Asia? Then let us experience how music is performed in the other two parts of Asia, the
South and the Middle East.
 The geographical locations of these two other parts of Asia have different sizes of
area and unique features. Aside of it, their nations also have a unique vantage point being
surrounded by cultures which mingle and pass through their countries; these interactions
have inspired and been influenced the societies surrounding them.
At this unit you will get a glimpse of their cultural context, social functions and
performance styles in their music compositions. Let us start at the biggest part of South Asia.
INDIA
India is the largest country in South Asia. Its music is as vast as
its geographic location and as large as its demographic population. The music
of India reflects different aspects of Asian culture through its timbre, rhythm,
melody, texture , form and style. In general, Indian music remains fundamental
to the lives of people of India as a source of spiritual inspiration, cultural expression
and entertainment.

VOCAL MUSIC
One aspect of their vocal music uses melismatic singing with nasal vocal quality,
when compared with Philippine music which uses melismatic singing is only used in chanting
epics and the pasyon. Their singing based on a set of pitches was popular even during
Vedic times. The Samagana style of singing developed into a strong and diverse tradition
over several centuries, becoming an established part of contemporary tradition in India. The
hymns in Sama Veda, a sacred text, were sung as samagana and not chanted.
Rig Veda is also sung in the samagana traditional singing style. It is an ancient
Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. Some of its verses are still recited as
Hindu prayers at religious functions and other occasions. Because of its liturgical importance
like Sama Veda, both of it are counted as first and third among the four sacred text of
Hinduism known as Vedas, the large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
CLASSICAL MUSIC OF INDIA

India’s classical music tradition includes Carnatic and Hindustani music which have
developed over many centuries. Their music includes several types and popular music.
Carnatic Music is practiced in Southern parts of India while Hindustani music is practiced in
the Northern part of India.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CARNATIC AND HINDUSTANI MUSIC

CARNATIC MUSIC

▪ directed to a Hindu-god, which is why it is called “temple

music”
▪ unlike Hindustani music, Carnatic music is unified where
schools are based on the same rages, the same solo
instruments (veena, flute, violin) and the same rhythm
instruments (mrindangam and ghatam)
▪ music pieces are mainly set for the voice and with lyrics
▪ compositions called krti are devotional songs

HINDUSTANI MUSIC
▪ nasal singing is observed in their vocal music
▪ further developed in the 13th and 14th centuries AD with
Persian influences and from existing religious and folk
music
▪ predominantly found in the northern and central regions
influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions,
historical Vedic religion /Vedic philosophy ,
native Indian sound and enriched by the
Persian performance practices of the Mughal era
▪ in North India, the most common style of singing is called
khyal a word which means “imagination”.

OTHER DIFFERENCES

Areas of difference Carnatic Hindustani

Influenced Indigenous Afghan, Persian and Arab
Ragas 72 ragas 6 major ragas
Originated Bhakti movement Vedic Period
Vocal and instruments Equally important Vocal music is more
important
Intonation Check the link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BY5e_JYvAI

SIMILARITIES OF CARNATIC AND HINDUSTANI MUSIC

▪ both classical music is somewhere connection with spirituality and according to
ancient Hindu scriptures, they believe that “music was a gift from heaven.
They thought that sound is God and everything is a manifestation of God”.
▪ both music developed with sanskrit language scripts in itself and through Vedic
traditions.
▪ both has one leading swara or Vadi swar in ever Raga.
 ▪ both encourage improvisation while singing or performing

Terms:
Veda- means “knowledge Important”
Swara/Vadi Swar- meaning “musical tone”
Raga- Pattern of notes having characteristics interval and rhythms.

VALUING

The two Indian classical music (Carnatic and Hindustani), proved that despite of their
differences, still they’ve shown their love and respect to each other’s traditions and beliefs.
Both of their music unites in one objective to be grateful to their Goddess, believing that
music is a gift from heaven.

POST-TEST
Directions: MULTIPLE CHOICES: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer on the space provided before each number.

1. It is the style of singing developed into a strong and diverse tradition over several c
Centuries in India.
a. Rig Veda b. Sama Veda c. Samagana
2. Which of the following does NOT belong in the characteristics of Carnatic Music?
a. It was originated in Bhakti movement
b. Northern Indian style of Indian classical music
c. Temple and unified music
3. This characteristic of Hindustani music means “imagination” is called .
a. khyal b. krti c. veda
4. What is the best reason why Carnatic music is called Temple music?
a. because they are believing in different Goddesses
b. because their music is directed to a Hindu-God
c. because they are singing inside the temple
5. Which of the following statement describes both Carnatic and Hindustani music of
India?
a. both instruments and vocal music are important.
b. both music developed with sanskrit language scripts in itself and through Vedic
traditions
c. music pieces are mainly set for the voice and with lyrics

KEY TO CORRECTIONS:
MUSIC
MUSIC • ARTS • PHYSICAL EDUCATION • HEALTH

EXPECTATIONS

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
• identify the instruments used in India culture;
• classify the musical instruments from India by listening to music perceptively;
and
• appreciate the value of Indian musical instruments in relation to its culture,
tradition, and origin.

RECAP
ALTERNATIVE RESPONSE: Write CM if the statement is characteristics of
CARNATIC MUSIC and HM if the statement is
characteristics of HINDUSTANI MUSIC.

1. Nasal singing is observed in their vocal music.

2. It refers to Music from South India.
3. Music pieces are mainly set for the voice and with lyrics.
4. In North India, the most common singing is called Khyal, a word
means “Imagination”.
5. The compositions called Krit are devotional song
 LESSON

Quarter 3: Music of South Asia and Middle East

INTRODUCTION

India is the largest country in South Asia. Its music is as vast as its geographic
location and as its demographic population. The music of India reflects different aspects of
Asia culture through its timber, rhythm, melody, texture, form, and style. In general, Indian
music remains fundamental to the lives of the people of India as a source of spiritual
inspiration, cultural expression, and entertainment.

Classification of musical instruments from India

1. GHAN - Described as a non-membranous percussive instrument but with solid

resonators. It is one of the oldest classes of instrument in India. It may also be a melodic
instrument or instruments to keep TAL

Example of Ghan

GHATAM KARTA MANJIRA NOUT

• Ghatam is nothing more than a large clay pot.
• Kartal is a pair of wooden blocks or frames with small metal jingles mounted in
them.
• Manjira is basically a set of small cymbals. It is a ubiquitous component
of dance music and bhajans.
• The Nout (a.k.a. Nuht), is a small pot used in Kashmir as a percussion instrument.

2. AVANADDH - Described as a membranous percussive instrument. This class of

instruments typically comprise the drums.

Examples of Avanaddh

DAF (DUF, DAPHU) DHOL TABLA

 • Daf is a tambourine. It is commonly used in folk music but is rarely heard in other
styles.
• Dhol is barrel shaped with a simple membrane on the right hand side; basically it is
just a smaller version of the dhol.
• Tabla is consists of a small right hand drum called dayan and a larger metal one
called bayan.

3. SUSHIR - Also known as a “blow air”. It is characterized by the use of air to execute the
various resonators
Examples of Sushir

SHANKH BANSURI SURPETI SHEHNAI

• Shankh is a conch shell. This instrument has a strong association with the Hindu
religion.
• Bansuri and Venu are common Indian flutes. They are typically made of bamboo or
reed.
• Surpeti, also called swar pethi, swar peti, swarpeti, surpeti, sur peti, sruti box,
or shruti box, is an Indian drone instrument.
• The sound of the Shehnai is considered particularly auspicious. For this reason it is
found in temples and is an indispensable component of any North Indian wedding.

4. TAT - Referred to as Vina during the old civilization. Instruments in this class are pluck
(stringed instruments)

Examples of Tat

SITAR GOTUVADYAM EKTAR GOPICHAND RABAB

• Sitar is perhaps the most well known of the Indian instruments.

• Ektar is described in ancient Sanskrit texts as the ekatantri vina, literally the "one
stringed lute".
• Gopichand, also, known as gopiyantra, is a very popular folk instrument of Bengal
• Rabab is a very ancient instrument found primarily in Afghanistan but in India is
common in Kashmir.
 5. Vitat - Described as bowed stringed instruments. This is one of the oldest classifications
of instruments and yet did not occupy a place in classical Indian music in the last few
centuries

Examples of Vitat

BANAM ESRAJ CHIKARA SARANGI

• The Banam is a class of folk fiddles found among the Santal people of North
East India and Bangladesh.
• The Esraj is popular in the Bengal area of India.
• Chikara is a simple spike fiddle.
• Sarangi is a common representative of vitat class of musical instruments.

WRAP-UP

Instruments in India are rooted in their artistic culture that belongs to the different
classifications. Like modern instruments, they also produce sounds like: Idiophones,
Chordophones, Aerophones, Membranophones.

Fill In the blank: Identify what is being describe, write your answer in the blank.

1. There are classification of musical instrument in India.

2. Banam belongs to group of Instruments.
3. are instruments typically comprise the drums.
4. is characterized by the use of air to execute the different resonators.
5. is a class of instrument that are pluck.