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    (Kuliah) Komponen Dan Regulasi Sistem Imun

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    'Ilham Malda'
    The document discusses the anatomy and cells of the immune system, as well as the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. It then examines the regulation of the immune response, including the role of genetics, age, nutrition, MHC molecules, cytokines, antigens, and antibodies. Cytokines act as mediators and regulators, balancing innate and adaptive immunity. Finally, it addresses immune tolerance, including central tolerance induced in generative lymphoid organs, and peripheral tolerance induced in peripheral lymphoid organs.

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    (Kuliah) Komponen Dan Regulasi Sistem Imun

    Uploaded by

    'Ilham Malda'
    126 views54 pages
    The document discusses the anatomy and cells of the immune system, as well as the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. It then examines the regulation of the immune response, including the role of genetics, age, nutrition, MHC molecules, cytokines, antigens, and antibodies. Cytokines act as mediators and regulators, balancing innate and adaptive immunity. Finally, it addresses immune tolerance, including central tolerance induced in generative lymphoid organs, and peripheral tolerance induced in peripheral lymphoid organs.

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    [Kuliah] Komponen Dan Regulasi Sistem Imun

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    The document discusses the anatomy and cells of the immune system, as well as the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. It then examines the regulation of the immune response, including the role of genetics, age, nutrition, MHC molecules, cytokines, antigens, and antibodies. Cytokines act as mediators and regulators, balancing innate and adaptive immunity. Finally, it addresses immune tolerance, including central tolerance induced in generative lymphoid organs, and peripheral tolerance induced in peripheral lymphoid organs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    126 views54 pages

    (Kuliah) Komponen Dan Regulasi Sistem Imun

    Uploaded by

    'Ilham Malda'
    The document discusses the anatomy and cells of the immune system, as well as the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. It then examines the regulation of the immune response, including the role of genetics, age, nutrition, MHC molecules, cytokines, antigens, and antibodies. Cytokines act as mediators and regulators, balancing innate and adaptive immunity. Finally, it addresses immune tolerance, including central tolerance induced in generative lymphoid organs, and peripheral tolerance induced in peripheral lymphoid organs.

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    You are on page 1of 54

    REGULASI SISTEM IMUN

    Ratna Kusumawati

    Fakultas Kedokteran
    Universitas Sebelas Maret
    Surakarta
    ANATOMY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
    CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
    FUNCTIONING OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
    HUMORAL (ANTIBODY MEDIATED) IMMUNE RESPONSE CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
    ANTIGEN (1ST EXPOSURE)
    ENGULFED BY

    MACROPHAGE ANTIGENS
    FREE
    DISPLAYED
    ANTIGENS BECOMES BY
    DIRECTLY
    INFECTED
    ACTIVATE APC CELLS
    ACTIVATE
    STIMULATES

    HELPER CYTOTOXIC
    B CELLS T CELLS
    STIMULATES STIMULATES T CELL

    MEMORY
    GIVES RISE TO HELPER T GIVES RISE TO
    CELLS
    STIMULATES STIMULATES
    STIMULATES

    ANTIGEN (2nd EXPOSURE)


    PLASMA MEMORY STIMULATES ACTIVE
    MEMORY
    CELLS B CELLS T CELLS CYTOTOXIC T
    CELL

    SECRETE ANTIBODIES
    SISTEM KOMPLEMEN
    Dua aspek penting dalam
    regulasi respons imun:

    1. Pada saat terbentuknya imunokompetensi.

    2. Pengendalian respon limfosit yang matang


    terhadap Ag.
    Secara umum respons imun dipengaruhi oleh:

    • Genetik
    • Umur
    • Nutrisi
    • Molekul MHC
    • Efek sitokin
    • Antigen
    • Antibodi
    Pengaturan oleh Ag

    Dosis besar Dosis kecil


    diberikan berulang diberikan berulang

    Toleransi Toleransi

    Dosis sedang Imunitas


    Pengaturan oleh Ag

    Sifat Ag:
    Makin kompleks

    Makin banyak epitop

    Memperbesar interaksi antar sel

    Merangsang respons imun


    Pengaturan oleh Ag

    Metabolisme Ag:

    Substansi yang tidak dapat dimetabolis

    Resisten terhadap digesti enzimatik

    Tidak dapat diproses oleh APC


    Pengaturan oleh Ag

    Ag sequestration: • protein lensa


    • protein sperma
    • Ag tulang rawan

    Terlindung barrier anatomik

    Tidak terpapar pada sistem imun


    Cytokines

    B Th
    Antigen Cytokines Tc LG
    presentation
    Activation
    Cytotoxicity

    APC

    Intracellular Virally infected


    Organism in Cells & some
    macrophage tumor cells
    Antibody production
    MODEL DIFERENSIASI SEL MEMORY
    Ag
    +
    costimulation

    Activated cells + factor / Effector cells


    environment X
    Ag

    Activated cells + factor


    Memory cells
    environment Y
    MODEL DIFERENSIASI SEL MEMORY (3)

    Ag
    + Apoptotic death
    costimulation Ag >95%

    Naieve cell Activated cell Effector cell

    Memory cell
    Pengaturan oleh Ab

    Feedback inhibition
    Produksi Ab
    • produksi Ab

    Produksi IgG

    Menghambat produksi IgM


    CYTOKINE
    SOURCE

    REC CELLS

    AUTOCRINE

    ENDO BIOLOGIC
    ACTION CYTOKINE
    CRINE EFFECTS

    PARACRINE

    REC CELLS
    TARGET
    SOURCE

    • MACROPHAGE
    • T LYMPHOCYTE
    • EPITHELIAL CELL
    • DENDRITIC CELL
    • FIBROBLAST
    CELLS

    ANTIGEN MITOGEN

    CYTOKINE

    • LYMPHOKINE
    • MONOKINE
    • INTERLEUKIN
    MEDIATE
    and
    REGULATE

    IMMUNE & INFLAMMATORY


    REACTION
    CYTOKINE
    CD4+ T cells
    • T cells with CD4 marker (glycoprotein)
    • 70% of T cells in the periphery
    • T helper cells
    • Play central role in modulating cellular immunity
    via secretion of cytokines that modulate:
    – B cell activation
    – Immunoglobulin secretion (quality)
    – Macrophage and dendritic cell activation
    – Cellular chemotaxis and inflammation
    • Th1 versus Th2 cells
    Th1 and Th2 cells
    CD4+ T helper cells can be classified into two
    based on their cytokine profiles: T helper cell type
    1 (Th1) and T helper cell type 2 (Th2).
     Cytokine profile is influenced by several factors:
    Nature and dose of antigen
    Route of infection
    Initial cytokine environment
    Type of antigen presenting cell/costimulation
    Genetic background

     The cytokine profile determines the effector function of


    the helper cell
    Differences b/w Th1 and Th2 cells

    Th1 cell Th2 cell


    Produces type 1 Produces type 2
    cytokines cytokines
     IL-2, IFN-g, TNF-a,  IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-

    TNF-b 13
    Activates macrophages Provides help to B cells
    and DCs for intracellular in antibody response
    killing of pathogens Mediates allergy and
    Mediates CMI immunity to
    extracellular pathogens,
    including parasites
    Fungsi efektor
    Sel T helper 1

    Fungsi efektor
    Sel T helper 2
    Peranan sitokin
    MEDIATOR & REGULATOR

    INNATE
    IMMNUNITY
    TNF, IL-1, IL-12, IFN a, b
    IL-10. IL-6, IL-15, IL-18

    ADAPTIVE
    IMMNUNITY

    IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN 


    LT, TGF b, IL-13
    29
    ACTIVATED MN PHAGOCYTE
    ANTIGEN STIMULATED T CELL
    NK CELL
    MAST CELL

    LPS (GRAM NEG) MICROBES

    TNF a

    • POTENTIAL MEDIATOR OF ACUTE


    INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
    • RESPONSIBLE FOR SYSTEMIC
    COMPLICATION OF SEVERE INFECTION
    CLASSIFICATION OF IFN

    SOURCE
    LEUCOCYTE IFN IFN a
    TYPE I
    FIBROBLAST IFN IFN b
    TYPE II IMMUNE IFN IFN g
    BIOLOGIC ACTION OF IFN a & b
    BIOLOGIC ACTION OF IFN g
    BIOLOGIC EFFECT OF TNF a
    Cytokines imbalance between effector and T regulatory cells in Autoimmune disease
    ROLE OF CYTOKINE
    IN HEMATOPOIESIS
    CELLS

    INFLAMMATORY
    STIMULI

    CHEMOKINE

    CHEMOTACTIC CYTOKINE

    • STIMULATE LEUCOCYTE MOVEMENT


    • REGULATE MIGRATION LEUCOCYTE
    FROM BLOOD TO TISSUE

    RECRUIT LEUCOCYTES TO THE SITE OF INFLAMMATION


    TISSUE

    NORMALLY/INJURY

    CHEMOKINE

    PROMOTING MIGRATION LYMPHOCYTE


    TO DIFFERENT REGION OF PERIPHERAL
    LYMPHOID ORGAN
    REGULATE THE TRAFFIC OF LYMPHOCYTES
    THROUGH PERIPHERAL LYMPHOID TISSUE
    REGULASI DALAM
    TOLERANSI IMUNOLOGIK
    Sistem imun normal
     membedakan self dari nonself

    self tissue/ self tissue/


    antigen antigen

    immune
    tolerance response autoimmune

    SISTEM IMUN
    Sentral
    diinduksi oleh pengenalan
    self-Ag oleh limfosit immature
    di organ limfoid generative.
    Self tolerance
    Perifer
    diinduksi oleh pengenalan
    self-Ag oleh limfosit mature
    di organ limfoid perifer.
    Toleransi Limfosit T
    ANERGI
    Akibat pengenalan Ag tanpa adanya
    ko-stimulasi yang adekuat.
    Delesi

    apoptosis
    Supresi oleh sel T regulator
    KOOPERASI ANTAR SEL
    Complex network

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