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    Class Infect I MM Un 2024

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    Class Infect I MM Un 2024

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    mariopajon.27
    6 views45 pages

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    Class Infect i Mm Un 2024

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    6 views45 pages

    Class Infect I MM Un 2024

    Uploaded by

    mariopajon.27

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 45

    • Book: Janeway´s Immunobiology (Kenneth, Travers, Walport).

    •
    • Personnel

    International Master • UBA Professor Emilio L. Malchiodi, Ph.D. [email protected]


    • UBA Professor Pablo Baldi, Ph.D. [email protected]
    in Biomedical • UBA Associated Professor Marisa M. Fernández, Ph.D.
    [email protected]
    Sciences. Module IV. • UBA Adjunct Professor Daniel Gonzalez Maglio, Ph.D.
    [email protected]
    Immunology Section.
    June 18th-27th, 2024. • Lab Work: Students must wear gloves and lab coats
    •
    • Students To Do List
    • Download Publications and Lectures

    • Evaluation: Open Book Exam (will be taken at the end of the


    Section). Exam must be presented individually.
    Infection and Immunity

    Emilio Malchiodi
    [email protected]
    Immunology
    Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA

    Marisa M. Fernández
    [email protected]
    [email protected]
    Immunology
    Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA
    Infection: virus, bacteria, yeast, protozoa and helminths

    Human cell
    Barrier's disruption: 1st condition for
    infecting
    Recognition as non self

    Innate Immune Response

    Recognition as non self

    Adaptive Immune response

    Most pathogens are eliminated by the 1st and 2nd steps


    Barriers
    • Paul, Sujata & Hmar, Elbethel Lalthavel & Sharma, Hemanta. (2020). STRENGTHENING
    IMMUNITY WITH IMMUNOSTIMULANTS: A REVIEW. 7. 35-64.

    CKs
    Immune System Organs

    Primary
    Secondary

    Diffuse
    Encapsulated
    Innate and Adaptive Immune response

    Cytokines

    Phases
    Recognition
    Activation/ Proliferation and Diferentiation
    Effector
    DAMPS ILC0

    Innate lymphoid cells Plasticity


    Innate and adaptive
    immunity are
    complementary
    responses
    Innate Immune Response
    How are the
    • Pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) for
    pathogens • Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
    recognized?
    Inflamation

    Tumor

    Aim of inflammation: - Avoid pathogen propagation

    - Destruction

    - Reparation of damages
    1st defense line: Neutrophils for 24 h p.i.

    integrins
    Monocytes/Macrophages:
    Arrive at 24 h p.i.
    EFFECTOR MECHANISMS

    Macrophages

    Endocitic pathway

    Lisosome-Phagosome Fusion

    Respiratory Burst

    OCl- *OH
    O2 H2O2
    O2- Peroxidase

    SOD
    Complement activation is a cascade that can be initiated
    by different stimulus and follows different pathways
    Natural Killer (NK)
    Balance of activating and inhibitory receptors

    Essential in virus infections


    Type I
    IFNs
    Trained Innate Immune Response

    Wu, C., Xu, Y. & Zhao, Y. Two kinds of macrophage memory: innate and adaptive immune-like macrophage memory. Cell Mol
    Immunol 19, 852–854 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-022-00885-y
    How and where does
    the adaptive immunity
    begin?

    Antigen presenting
    cells (APC)
    Dendritic Cells
    in vesicles in cytosol:

    Soluble Ag, Virus Protein produced by


    Intracelullar pathogens intracelullar pathogens
    Adaptive Immune Response
    Where?

    T CELLS
    Antigen Presentation to T cell

    DC

    Hennecke J, Wiley DC. T cell receptor-MHC interactions up close. Cell.


    2001 Jan 12;104(1):1-4
    T helper Lymphocytes

    IL-4

    IL-12
    IL-6/TGFB

    IL-10

    IL profile secreted depends on the type of pathogen . T


    helper differentiation also depends on the type of
    pathogen
    Bacteria, virus

    Bacteria, fungus
    CD8 Lymphocytes Activation and
    Differentiation
    • Effector Lymphocytes
    25x109 T-cells/day
    1 T-cell pass ~1 time/day
    Maturation process in the tymus and entry in the blood circulation as
    CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells

    Naive
    The whole picture
    Naive
    LT efectores

    Activación

    % as memory T cells
    B cells

    ISOTYPE SWITCH
    AFFINITY MATURATION
    • LB antigen receptor is surface IgM that capture
    antigen, incorporate it into the cell. Ag are
    processed and presented in MHC context
    B-T COLABORATION
    What is the
    process for a B-cell
    Plasma cells and antibodies represent the final stage of B differentiation.
    Antibody funtions
    B- and T-cells
    Naive: not activated by antigen
    Effector: activated by antigen

    B cells T cell

    RECEPTOR

    BCR TCR

    MATURATION

    Bone Marrow Thymus

    EFFECTORS

    After Ag After Ag
    Plasma cells Cytotoxic
    Memory cells Th1, 2 or 17
    Regulatory
    Memory cells
    Negative regulation of immune response

    Ag /Ac /IC can produce negative feedback.

    Cytokines also have antagonistic or inhibitory effects.

    Hormones have immunosuppresor effects on immune


    cells

    Regulatory T lymphocytes are the main components of


    self tolerance and also induce down regulation of
    immune response
    Treg cells maintain
    tolerance and limit
    immunopathology

    Treg cells
    Immune responses can be both beneficial or harmful

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