• Chandigarh bye laws

• Lecture – 18 & 19
 CHANDIGARH
• About Chandigarh
• Chandigarh, the dream city of India's first Prime Minister, Sh.
Jawahar Lal Nehru, was planned by the famous French architect Le
Corbusier.
• Located at the foothills of Shivaliks, it is known as one of the best
experiments in urban planning and modern architecture in the
twentieth century in India.
• Chandigarh derives its name from the temple of "Chandi Mandir"
located in the vicinity of the site selected for the city. The deity
'Chandi', the goddess of power and a fort of 'garh' laying beyond
the temple gave the city its name "Chandigarh-The City Beautiful".
• The city has a pre-historic past. The gently sloping plains on which
modern Chandigarh exists, was in the ancient past, a wide lake
ringed by a marsh. The fossil remains found at the site indicate a
large variety of aquatic and amphibian life, which was supported by
that environment. About 8000 years ago the area was also known
to be a home to the Harappans.
• In March, 1948, the
Government of Punjab,
in consultation with the
Government of India,
approved the area of
the foothills of the
Shivaliks as the site for
the new capital being
the capital city of both,
Punjab and Haryana.
• it itself was declared as
a Union Territory and
under the direct control
of the Central
Government.
• FOUR BASIC
FUNCTIONS OF
A CITY:

• LIVING,
WORKING,CIRCU
LATION AND
CARE OF THE
BODY AND
SPIRIT. EACH
SECTOR WAS
PROVIDED WITH
ITS OWN
SHOPPING AND
COMMUNITY
FACILITIES,SCHO
OLS AND PLACES
OF WORSHIP.
• “CIRCULATION” WAS
OF GREAT IMPORTANCE
TO LE-CORBUSIER AND
DETERMINED THE
OTHER THREE BASIC
FUNCTIONS.BY
CREATING A HIERARCHY
OF ROADS,
• LE CORBUSIER SOUGHT
TO MAKE EVERY PLACE
INTHE CITY SWIFTLY
AND EASILY ACCESSIBLE
AND AT THE SAME
TIME ENSURE
TRANQUILITY AND
SAFETY OF LIVING
SPACES.
 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
• IT WAS BOUND BY
TWO SEASONAL
CHOES, OR
RIVULETS,
• THE PATIALI RAO
AND THE SUKHNA
IN THE
NORTHWEST AND
THE SOUTH EAST
RESPECTIVELY.
• IT EXTENDS IN THE
NORTHEAST RIGHT
UP TO THE
FOOTHILLS OF THE
SHIVALIKS.
 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
• THE REGION
EXPERIENCES
EXTREMES IN THE
CLIMATE. THE
TEMPERATURE COULD
RISE TO 45 DEGREES IN
SUMMER AND DROP
TO FREEZING POINT
INWINTER.
• THE DIRECTION OF THE
PREVALENT WINDS IS
SOUTHEAST TO THE
NORTHWEST IN
SUMMER AND
NORTHWEST TO THE
SOUTHEAST IN WINTER.
 THE BIOLOGICAL ANALOGY
• LE CORBUSIER
LIKED TO
COMPARE THE
CITY
• HE PLANNED TO A
BIOLOGICAL
ENTITY:
• THE HEAD WAS
THE CAPITOL,
• THE CITY CENTRE
WAS THE HEART
• WORK AREA OF
THEINSTITUTIONA
L AREA AND THE
UNIVERSITY WAS
LIMBS.
• ASIDE FROM THE
LEISURE VALLEY
TRAVERSING
ALMOST THE ENTIRE
CITY,
• PARKS EXTENDED
LENGTH WISE
THROUGH EACH
SECTOR TO ENABLE
EVERY RESIDENT TO
LIFT THEIR EYES TO
THE CHANGING
PANORAMA OF HILLS
AND SKY.
 CHANDIGARH 7 V’S
• V1 CONNECTS
CHANDIGARH TO
OTHER CITIES

• V2 ARE THE MAJOR

AVENUES OF THE CITY
E.G MADHYA MARG
ETC

• V3 ARE THE
CORRIDORS STREETS
FOR VEHICULAR
TRAFFIC ONLY

• V4….V7 ARE THE

ROADS WITHIN THE
SECTORS
 CHANDIGARH 7 V’S
• THE 7VS
ESTABLISHES A
HIERARCHY OF
TRAFFIC
CIRCULATION
RANGING
FROM:
• ARTERIAL
ROADS
(V1)
• MAJOR
BOULEVARDS
(V2)
• SECTOR
DEFINERS
(V3)
 CHANDIGARH 7 V’S
• SHOPPING
STREETS
(V4)
•
NEIGHBOUR
HOOD
STREETS
(V5)
• ACCESS
LANES
(V6)
• PEDESTRIAN
PATHS AND
CYCLE
TRACKS (V7S
AND V8S).
 SECTORS
• THEDEMOCRATIC
IDEA WHICH
ALLOWS US TO
DEVOTE AN
EQUAL CARE TO
HOUSING ALL
CLASSES OF
SOCIETY TO SEEK
NEW SOCIAL
GROUPINGS
• EACH SECTOR IS
DESIGNATED BY
NUMBER
• THE CAPITAL
COMPLEX BEING
NUMBER 1
• WITH THE
REMAINING SECTORS
NUMBERED
CONSECUTIVELY
BEGINNING AT THE
NORTH CORNER OF
THE CITY.
• THERE ARE 30
SECTORS IN
CHANDIGARH,OF
WHICH 24 ARE
RESIDENTIAL.
• THE SECTORS AT THE
UPPER EDGE OF THE
CITY ARE OF
ABBREVIATED SIZE.
 PLANNING
• THE BUS STOPS
ARE PROVIDED
EACH TIME AT 200
METERS FROM
THE CIRCUS SO AS
TO SERVE THE
FOUR PEDESTRIAN
ENTRANCES INTO
A SECTOR.
• THUS, THE
TRANSIT TRAFFIC
TAKES PLACE OUT
OF THE SECTORS:
• THE SECTORS BEING
SURROUNDED BY
FOUR WALL-BOUND
CAR ROADS WITHOUT
OPENINGS (THE V3S).
• AND THIS (A NOVELTY
IN TOWN-PLANNING
AND DECISIVE) WAS
APPLIED AT
CHANDIGARH:
• NO HOUSE (OR
BUILDING) DOOR
OPENS ON THE
THOROUGHFARE OF
RAPID TRAFFIC
 PLANNING
• THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
ITSELF IS SURROUNDED
BY THE FAST-TRAFFIC
ROAD CALLED V3
INTERSECTING AT THE
JUNCTIONS OF THE
NEIGHBOURHOOD
UNIT CALLED SECTOR
WITH A DIMENSION OF
800 METERS BY 1200
METERS.
• THE ENTRANCE OF
CARS INTO THE
SECTORS OF 800
METERS BY 1200M,
WHICH ARE
EXCLUSIVELY RESERVED
TO.
• FAMILY LIFE, CAN
TAKE PLACE ON FOUR
POINTS ONLY; IN THE
MIDDLE OF THE 1200
M. IN THE MIDDLE OF
THE 800 METERS.
• ALL STOPPAGE OF
CIRCULATION SHALL
BE PROHIBITED AT
THE FOUR CIRCUSES,
AT THE ANGLES OF
THE SECTORS
 THE PERIPHERY CONTROL ACT 1952
• CREATED A WIDE GREEN BELT AROUND THE
ENTIRE UNION TERRITORY.
• IT REGULATED ALL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN 16
KILOMETERS OF THE CITY LIMIT,
• PROHIBITED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ANY
OTHER TOWN OR VILLAGE
• FORBADE COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENT.
• THE IDEA WAS TO GUARANTEE THAT
CHANDIGARH WOULD ALWAYS BE SURROUNDED
BY COUNTRYSIDE.
 OPEN SPACES
• SOME 800
HECTARES OF
GREEN OPEN
SPACE ARE
SPREAD OVER
THE
APPROXIMATELY
114
SQUAREKILOMET
ERS OF THE
CAPITAL PROJECT
AREA.
• MAJOR OPEN
AREAS INCLUDE
THE
• LEISURE VALLEY,
SUKHNA LAKE,
ROCK GARDEN
AND MANY OTHER
SPECIAL GARDENS.
• IN ADDITION, THE
SECTORS ARE
VERTICALLY
INTEGRATED BY
GREEN SPACE
ORIENTED IN THE
DIRECTION OF THE
MOUNTAINS
 Building Bye-Laws of Chandigarh
DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
ENTIRE GROWTH OF THE CITY IS SUBJECTED TO
DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROLS
▪ EACH AREA OF THE CITY ZONED TO BE USED/DEVELOPED
FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE.
▪ ENTIRE BUILT ENVIRONMENT UNDER STRICT CONTROL
COMPRISING OF FOLLOWING

▪ DEFINING EDGES OF BUILDINGS

▪ SETBACKS
▪ MAXIMUM HEIGHT
▪ USE OF MATERIALS AND
▪ SIZE OF DOORS AND WINDOWS ON FAÇADE
 DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
▪ DIFFERENT SET OF
CONTROLS APPLICABLE
TO DIFFERENT AREA
DEPENDING UPON
IMPORTANCE.

▪ ALL COMMERCIAL AREAS

UNDER THE CITY ARE
UNDER ARCHITECTURAL
CONTROL.

▪ ALL PLOTS FOLLOWING

ON V4 ARE SUBJECTED
TO PRESCRIBED DESIGN
WITH FREEDOM TO
CHANGE INTERIORS.
 DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
• LARGE PLOTS
ALONG V2 FOLLOW
PRESCRIBED SYSTEM
OF DEVELOPMENT
AND CONSTRUCTION
WITH NO CHANGE
PERMITTED ON THE
FAÇADE.
• ALL RESIDENTIAL
PLOTS SUBJECTED TO
ZONING CONTROLS.
• PLOTS UP TO 250
SQ. YARDS, PLANNED
AS TERRACED
HOUSING,
SUBJECTED TO
FRAME CONTROLS.
• PLOTS ABOVE 250
SQ. YARDS,
SUBJECTED TO
ZONING CONTROLS
DEFINING THE
BUILDING EDGES,
HEIGHT, FAR,
GROUND
COVERAGE,
PROJECTIONS,
BOUNDARY WALL
AND GATE ETC.
• ALL BUILDINGS IN
RESIDENTIAL AREA
TO HAVE FRONT
COURT YARD AND
BACK COURT YARD.
 DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS
• TWO SETS OF CONTROLS APPLICABLE
• WITHIN CITY ▪ OUTSIDE CITY
• WITHIN CITY
• ZONING CONTROL
• FULL ARCHITECTURAL CONTROL
• SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION & ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT.
• DESIGN CONTROL.
• ARCHITECTURAL CONTROLS
• FRAME CONTROLS.
• GATES AND BOUNDARY WALLS.
• ADVERTISEMENT CONTROL
• TREE PRESERVATION ORDER.•
 FULL ARCHITECTURAL CONTROLS
• APPLICABLE TO
ALL COMMERCIAL
BUILDINGS AND
RESIDENTIAL
HOUSES ALONG
SHOPPING
STREET V4
• CONTROLS
RELATED TO
HOUSES INCLUDE
• DEFINING
BUILDING LINES
• HEIGHT OF
BUILDINGS
• BUILDING
MATERIALS
• FOR COMMERCIAL
AREA
• COMPLETE
STANDARD DESIGN
PROVIDED
INCLUDING THE
DETAILED DESIGN.
• SYSTEM OF
CONSTRUCTION &
ARCHITECTURAL
TREATMENT.
• APPLICABLE TO ALL
THE BUILDINGS IN
CITY CENTRE.
 FULL ARCHITECTURAL CONTROLS
• ALL COMMERCIAL
BUILDINGS ALONG
V2 AVENUES
• CONTROL IN CITY
CENTRE INCLUDE
A GRID OF
COLUMNS
• FIXED FLOOR
HEIGHT
• SHUTTERING
PATTERN ON
CONCRETE
• SYSTEM OF
GLAZING/SCREEN
WALL BEHIND
COLUMNS
• INTERIOR LEFT TO
THE DISCRETION
OF THE OWNER.
• • FOR BUILDINGS
ALONG V2 IN
ADDITION TO THE
PRINCIPLES OF CITY
CENTRE, THE
CONTROL
INCLUDES FAÇADE
TREATMENT
 DESIGN CONTROL
• FOR SPECIAL
BUILDINGS IN
ARCHITECTURAL
CONTROLLED AREA,
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
IS PREPARED ON THE
BASIS OF WHICH THE
ARCHITECT EVOLVES
DESIGN IN
CONSULTATION WITH
THE CHIEF
ARCHITECTS.
• SYSTEM APPLIES TO
CINEMAS/PETROL
STATIONS ETC.
• ARCHITECTURAL
CONTROLS • APPLICABLE
TO RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS ALONG THE
IMPORTANT AREAS LIKE
UTTAR MARG AND
ALONG THE LEISURE
VALLEY
• DESIGN IS TO BE
PREPARED BY A
QUALIFIED ARCHITECT IN
CONSULTATION WITH
THE CHIEF ARCHITECT TO
MAINTAIN
ARCHITECTURAL
STANDARD IN THE AREA
 . • FRAME CONTROLS •
• MOST IMPORTANT
CONTROL
FOLLOWED IN
RESIDENTIAL PLOTS
UP TO 250 SQ.
YARDS
• BULK OF HOUSES IN
SMALLER CATEGORY
OF 250 SQ. YARDS
AND BELOW.
• FOLLOWED WHERE
THE HOUSING IS TO
BE TERRACED
HOUSING.
• INTRODUCED DUE
TO LACK OF
CONTROL WHICH
LED TO EXTREMELY
POOR/SUBSTANDAR
D KIND OF
ARCHITECTURE.
• NO PREDICTION OF
WHAT NEIGHBOR
WOULD DO.
• ACHIEVING GOOD
STREET PICTURE
BECAME
IMPOSSIBLE
 FRAME CONTROLS
• CONTROL COMPRISES OF ----
• FIXING THE EXTENT AND HEIGHT OF THE
PARTY WALLS.
• TOP CONNECTING COURSE MAKING THE
FRAME.
• STANDARDS SIZE OF DOORS AND WINDOWS.
• HARMONY PROVIDED BY THE FRAME AND
VARIETY BY THE INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT OF
BUILDING.
 CONTROLS
• GATES AND
BOUNDARY
WALLS • ALL
GATES AND
BUILDING
WALLS TO
CONFORM
TO
STANDARD
DESIGNS
ADDING
UNITY TO
THE STREET
PICTURE.
• ADVERTISEMENT
CONTROL. •
CONTROL TO TAKE
CARE OF VISUAL
POLLUTION IN THE
CITY • TO
REGULATE DISPLAY
OF
ADVERTISEMENTS
ON THE BUILDING
AND IN THE CITY. •
TO SPECIFY SIZE,
SPACE, LOCATION
AND KIND OF
DISPLAY TO BE
USED IN
ADVERTISEMENT.
 CONTROL
• TREE
PRESERVATION
ORDER • ALL
EXISTING TREES TO
BE TREATED AS
PRESERVED. • NO
REMOVAL OF TREES
ALLOWED
WITHOUT
PERMISSION.
• SANCTION
GRANTED FOR
REMOVAL IN RARE
CASES OF EXTREME
HARDSHIP.
• NEW TREES
TO BE
PLANTED IN
LIEU OF TREE
REMOVED
• NO
HOPPING,
LOPPING
AND
CHOPPING
OF TREES
ALLOWED
WITHOUT
PERMISSION