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    Djoko Prakosa, M.Mansyur Romi Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Anthropology

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    adysti
    This document discusses the anatomy of the back, spinal cord, and spinal nerves. It covers the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves that make up the back. The document describes the composition and function of the intervertebral discs between vertebrae. It explains the different regions of movement in the spine and the muscle groups that control spinal motion. In addition, it provides details on the meninges layers surrounding the spinal cord and the arrangement of spinal nerves exiting the vertebral column.

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    Djoko Prakosa, M.Mansyur Romi Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Anthropology

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    adysti
    26 views35 pages
    This document discusses the anatomy of the back, spinal cord, and spinal nerves. It covers the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves that make up the back. The document describes the composition and function of the intervertebral discs between vertebrae. It explains the different regions of movement in the spine and the muscle groups that control spinal motion. In addition, it provides details on the meninges layers surrounding the spinal cord and the arrangement of spinal nerves exiting the vertebral column.

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    Vertigo Sentral

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    This document discusses the anatomy of the back, spinal cord, and spinal nerves. It covers the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves that make up the back. The document describes the composition and function of the intervertebral discs between vertebrae. It explains the different regions of movement in the spine and the muscle groups that control spinal motion. In addition, it provides details on the meninges layers surrounding the spinal cord and the arrangement of spinal nerves exiting the vertebral column.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views35 pages

    Djoko Prakosa, M.Mansyur Romi Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Anthropology

    Uploaded by

    adysti
    This document discusses the anatomy of the back, spinal cord, and spinal nerves. It covers the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves that make up the back. The document describes the composition and function of the intervertebral discs between vertebrae. It explains the different regions of movement in the spine and the muscle groups that control spinal motion. In addition, it provides details on the meninges layers surrounding the spinal cord and the arrangement of spinal nerves exiting the vertebral column.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    Anatomy of the Back, Spinal Cord

    and Spinal Nerves

    Djoko Prakosa, M.Mansyur Romi


    Department of Anatomy, Embryology &
    Anthropology
    CLINICAL
    ANATOMY: THE
    BACK

    • REASONS FOR
    STUDYING THE BACK
    -LOW BACK PAIN
    CLINICAL
    ANATOMY:
    THE BACK
    • REASONS FOR
    STUDYING THE
    BACK
    • BACK PAIN
    CLINICAL
    ANATOMY: THE
    BACK
    Functions of the Back

    - carry load

    - allow movement of the different body parts

    - provide protection to the spinal cord and


    nerve roots
    Compositionsof the Back

    Bones
    Joints & Ligament
    Muscles
    Nerves
    etc
    Joints of the Spine
    1. Joints of vertebral bodies
    - Intervertebral discs composed:
    - nucleus pulposus
    - annulus fibrosus
    function:
    - provide movement
    - transmit body forces through hydrostatic pressure

    Anterior Longitudinal Ligament


    Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
    PLL narrow caudally  only cover 50% central
    portion of lower lumbar discs  herniation
    Intervertebral discs
    Intervertebral discs
    • In the adult predominant source of nutrition
    from blood vessels in the vertebrale bodies
    through endplates.
    • It receive innervation  pain
    • Aging :
    * endplates undergo calcification 
    progressive degeneration of the discs.
    * nucleus pulposus water content 90%  74%
    :
    -
    Joints of the Spine (cont.)
    2. Joints of vertebral arches
    - zygapophyseal joints
    * capsule innervated by noci- and mechanoceptors
     able to react to tension and compression moments
    imposed by different postures and physical activity
    * involved in weight bearing
     in degenerative disc  more weight imposed
    on facet joints
    * restrict rotation of the spine

    * ligamenta flava * supraspinous ligament


    * ligamentum nuchae * interspinous ligaments
    * intertransverse ligaments

    Provide tension
    Joints of the Spine (cont.)
    • 3. Atlanto-occipito-axialis joint
    • 4. Sacroiliac joint
    • 5. Costovertebral joints
    Movements of the spine

    Motion segments:
    Each motion segment = Functional Spinal
    Unit (FSU) consists of 2 adjacent vertebrae
    - Represents the smallest segments of the
    spine exhibiting biomechanical characteristics
    similar to those of the entire spine
    - translation and rotation can occur at each
    motion segment
    Spine motion

    Cervical spine most mobile --> greatest


    range of flex-ext, axial rotation, lateral bending
    Lumbar spine: signific flex-ext, moderate
    lateral bending, little axial rotation
    Thorax + sacral: relatively inflexible
    Motion coupling
    Motion Segment
    (Functional Spinal Unit)
    • Composed of two portions:

    * Anterior portion: mainly bear compressive loads


    and restrain excessive motion
    vertebral bodies, intervertebral
    discs, ALL and PLL
    * Posterior portion: guides movement
    vertebral arches, facets joints, transverse and spinous
    processes and ligaments
    Muscles of the Back
    1. Muscles of the back
    Extrinsic: - superficial: e.g. trapezius, latissim. dorsi
    - intermediate: serratus posterior, rhomboid
    Intrinsic: - deep muscle
    * superficial: splenius muscles
    * intermediate: erector spinae muscles:
    iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis.
    * deep: semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
    2. Muscles of the neck
    3. Muscles of the abdomen
    CLINICAL ANATOMY: THE BACK
    THE INTRINSIC BACK MUSCLES
    CLINICAL ANATOMY: THE BACK
    THE INTRINSIC BACK MUSCLES
    Horizontal section of the spinal cord showing the meninges. The dura is
    in yellow, the arachnoid in red, and the pia in blue. The anterior and
    posterior spinal arteries are shown. C.S.F., cerebrospinal fluid in the
    subarachnoid space.
    CLINICAL ANATOMY: THE BACK
    THE SPINAL CORD
    Median section of the vertebral
    column, showing of vertebral
    bodies, myelomeres, and spinous
    processes.
    The spinal cord ends at Ll/2 level,
    subarachnoid space at S1/2 level.
    Cisternal, lumbar, and epidural
    punctures are shown.

    E.g. of a spinal nerve: S1 nerve


    arising from myelomere S1 opposite
    the T12 vertebra, descending (as
    part of the cauda equina), and
    emerging from the first sacral
    foramen.

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