ENGLISH

PHONOLOGY
“ENGLISH STOP “
The 1st Group
 KRESNA WIRATANAYA
K 201712500008
KHUSNUL AVIVA
K 201712500024
Our Team TIARA FARIDAH
T 201712500068
HANI NADIA
H 201712500091
What is English Stop ?

Stop/Plosive are the air is totally

blocked in point’ articulation and
then suddenly released.
There are seven plosive consonants in English. These are the sound formed by
means of a complete closure of the air passage, which is afterwards released
suddenly.

1 /?/ No’

2 /p/ Pancake 5 /d/ Dance

6
22 /k/ Kind
3 /b/ Baby

Tea /g/ Gadget

4 /t/ 7
 Plosive can be Voiced and
Voiceless
/b/
VOICED
/p/
/d/
VOICELESS
/g/ /t/

/?/ /k/
 Place of Articulation in English Stop

Bilabial Alveolar
There are four
That is :

Velar Glottal
 Bilabial
Two lips come together

Examples:

/p/ - pen /pen/

/b/ - ball /b):l/

 Alveolar
Tip/blade of the tongue touches the
alveolar/ teeth ridge

Examples:

/t/ - table /’teIbl/

/d/ - desk /desk/

 Velar
The back of the tongue
approximates to the soft palate.

Examples:

/k/ - key /ki:/

/g/ - green /gri:n/

 Glottal

Sounds articulated in the glottis

Examples:

/?/ - bitten /bIt?n/

Dimensions For Consonant Description

1. How they are produced

2. The names of the sounds
3. Their distributions in syllables or words
4. Their allophonic variations
5. Their spelling
6. Their problems for learning

We will use these six dimensions when

describing a sound in English
 The Stop [p]
1. Is produced first of all by the lips being in tight contact with another. The air out off from the
lungs and passed to larynx (there are vocal folds, and vocal folds do not vibrate, making
sound voiceless) and goes to the mouth. The airstream is completely stopped or blocked by
two lips and suddenly released.
2. Voiceless, Bilabial, Stop
3.
Example
I Initial Pet, Play, Post
M Medial Apart, Simple, Apple
5. <p> = pass, report, seep
F Final Lip, Cap, Leap <pp> = happy, happen

4. Aspirated Un-Aspirated Un-Released 6. Yes!

The problem in the allophone.
[pͪ] [p”] [p`] In Indonesian /p/ isn’t aspirated.
pen apple lip
 The Stop [b]
1. Is produced first of all by the lips being in tight contact with another. The air out off from t
he lungs and passed to larynx (there are vocal folds, and vocal folds is vibrate, making s
ound voiced) and goes to the mouth. The airstream is completely
stopped or blocked by two lips and suddenly released.
1. Voiced, Bilabial, Stop
2.
Example
I Initial Boy, Boat, Bottom
5. <b> = boy, begin, before
M Medial Hobbies, Robert, Rugby <bb> = rubber, robber
F Final Robe, Pub, Snob <be> = probe

4. Released Un-Released 6. Yes!

In Indonesian /b/ similar to /p/.
[p´] [p`] robe → rope
Boy Snob bed → bet
 The Stop [t]
1. Is produced by having the tip of the tongue touch the alveolar ridge. The air out off from th
e lungs and passed to larynx (there are vocal folds, and vocal folds do not vibrate, making
sound voiceless) and goes to the mouth. The airstream is completely stopped or blocked
by this construction between the tongue tip and the ridge and suddenly released.
2. Voiceless, Alveolar, Stop
3.
Example
I Initial Time, Tie, Tape
M Medial Cater, Catfish 5. <t> = trim, task
F Final Met, Sat, Sit <tt> = better, matter, sitter
<th> = Thomas
<-ed> = walked, masked
4. Aspirated Un-Aspirated Un-Released
ͪ 6. Yes!
[t] [t”] [t`]
The problem in the allophone.
time try helmet In Indonesian /t/ isn’t aspirated.
 The Stop [d]
1. Is produced by having the tip of the tongue touch the alveolar ridge. The air out off from the
lungs and passed to larynx (there are vocal folds, and vocal folds is vibrate, making sound
voiced) and goes to the mouth. The airstream is completely stopped or blocked by this con
struction between the tongue tip and the ridge and suddenly released.
2. Voiced, Alveolar, Stop
3.
Example
I Initial Dog, Double, Die
M Medial Ado, Bundle 5. <d> = down, daughter, dummy
F Final Mad, Read, Ahead <dd> = buddy, middle, fiddle
<-ed> = seemed
4. Released Un-Released
6. Yes!
[d´] [d`] In Indonesian /d/ like /t/
bad → bat
double mad need → neat
 The Stop [k]
1. Is produced by having the back part of the tongue raised high to touch the velum-the upper
back part of the palate. The air out off from the lungs and passed to larynx (there are vocal
folds, and vocal folds do not vibrate, making sound voiceless) the airstream is stopped or
blocked by the construction of the tongue and suddenly released.
2. Voiceless, Velar, Stop
3.
Example
I Initial Key, Kind, Kill 5. <k> = kin, keep, kill
<c> = cat, cup, case
M Medial Sake, Lake, Make
<cc> = account, accompany
F Final Sick, Back <ck> = back, luck
<ch> = character, charisma
4. Aspirated Un-Aspirated Un-Released <q> = quite, queen
ͪ <cq> = acquire
[k] [k”] [k`]
Kind Lake Back 6. Yes!
The problem in the allophone.
 The Stop [g]
1. Is produced by having the back part of the tongue raised high to touch the velum-the upper
back part of the palate. The air out off from the lungs and passed to larynx (there are vocal
folds, and vocal folds is vibrate, making sound voiced) the airstream is stopped or blocked
by the construction of the tongue and suddenly released.
2. Voiced, Velar, Stop
3.
Example
I Initial Go, grey
M Medial Tiger, Cigar
5. <g> = go, get, leg
F Final Bag, Big, Leg <gg> = egg, bigger
<gu> = guide, guest
4. Released Un-Released <gh> = ghost, ghatly
[g´] [g`]
6. Yes!
go bag The problem in the pronounce.
 The Stop [?]
1. Is produced by having the airstream stopped by the glottis. The vocal folds are completely
closed. The air is released by opening the vocal folds with the airstream flowing out without
being constricted by any speech in the mouth.
2. Glottal, Stop
3. IMF but limited to certain expressions only.
Example
I Initial ‘im
M Medial D’yu 4. –
F Final No’
5. –

6. Yes!
The problem there in pronouncing.
Thank you