Intelligence Iq & Eq: Ayesha Shahid Sheikh. Clinical Psychologist MS. Clinical Psychology

Intelligence
IQ & EQ
1 Ayesha Shahid Sheikh.

Clinical Psychologist
MS. Clinical Psychology
Intelligence
2
Intelligence
3
Intelligence
 Is Intelligence One General Ability or Several Specific Abilities?
 Intelligence and Creativity
 Emotional Intelligence
4
Assessing Intelligence
 The Origins of Intelligence Testing
 Modern Tests of Mental Abilities
 Principles of Test Construction
The Dynamics of Intelligence

 Stability or Change?
 Extremes of Intelligence
Intelligence
5
Do we have an inborn general mental capacity

(intelligence)? If so, can we quantify this
capacity as a meaningful number?
What is Intelligence?
6
Intelligence (in all cultures) is the ability to learn

from experience, solve problems, and use our
knowledge to adapt to new situations.
In research studies, intelligence is whatever the

intelligence test measures. This tends to be
“school smarts.”
Intelligence: Ability or Abilities?
7
Have you ever thought that since people’s

mental abilities are so diverse, it may not be
justifiable to label those abilities with only one
word, intelligence?
General Intelligence
8
The idea that general intelligence (g) exists

comes from the work of Charles Spearman
(1863-1945) who helped develop the factor
analysis approach in statistics.
Athleticism, like intelligence, is many things

General Intelligence
9
Spearman proposed that general intelligence (g)

is linked to many clusters that can be analyzed
by factor analysis.
For example, people who do well on vocabulary

examinations do well on paragraph
comprehension examinations, a cluster that
helps define verbal intelligence. Other factors
include a spatial ability factor, or a reasoning
ability factor.
Contemporary Intelligence Theories
10
Howard Gardner (1983, 1999) supports the idea

that intelligence comes in multiple forms.
Gardner notes that brain damage may diminish
one type of ability but not others.
People with savant syndrome excel in abilities

unrelated to general intelligence.
11
Howard Gardner
12
Gardner proposes eight types of intelligences and

speculates about a ninth one — existential
intelligence. Existential intelligence is the ability to
think about the question of life, death and existence.
13
Robert Sternberg
14
Robert Sternberg
15
Sternberg (1985, 1999, 2003) also agrees with

Gardner, but suggests three intelligences rather
than eight.
1. Analytical Intelligence: Intelligence that is assessed

by intelligence tests.
2. Creative Intelligence: Intelligence that makes us
adapt to novel situations, generating novel ideas.
3. Practical Intelligence: Intelligence that is required
for everyday tasks (e.g. street smarts).
16
17
18
19
Emotional Intelligence
20
Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive,

understand, and use emotions (Salovey and
others, 2005). The tests of emotional intelligence
measures overall emotional intelligence and its
four components.
Emotional Intelligence: Components
21
Component Description
Recognize emotions in faces,
Perceive emotion
music and stories
Predict emotions, how they
Understand emotion
change and blend
Express emotions in different
Manage emotion
situations
Utilize emotions to adapt or be
Use emotion
creative
22 The Five Components of people
having EI
 Self-Awareness
 Self-Management/Regulation
 Motivation
 Empathy
 Social Skills
23 Why is EQ important
 EQ is the capacity to create positive outcomes in your

relationships with others and with yourself (in work,
school, and life).
 EQ has been associated with better results in
leadership, sales, academic performance, marriage,
friendships, and health.
24
Why do people with

high
IQs not always
succeed?
EQ IQ Success
EQ IQ Success
EQ IQ Success
26
27 How Does EQ Differ From IQ?
IQ EQ
 Focus: developing one’s  Focus: developing an
cognitive abilities; more understanding of and an
academically oriented ability to manage emotions
 Generally thought to be largely  Can be enhanced

established at birth and cannot throughout one’s life
be enhanced
 Has been traditionally used to  Recently understood to be an

predict potential for one’s important predictor of one’s
success potential for success
 Allows development of needed  Fosters understanding and

knowledge base management of own emotions
 Enables development of  Promotes positive relationships

technical skills and abilities
Emotional Intelligence: Criticism
28
Gardner and others criticize the idea of emotional

intelligence and question whether we stretch this
idea of intelligence too far when we apply it to our
emotions.
Assessing Intelligence
29
Psychologists define intelligence testing as a

method for assessing an individual’s mental
aptitudes and comparing them with others using
numerical scores.
Alfred Binet
30
Alfred Binet and his

colleague Théodore
Simon practiced a more
modern form of
intelligence testing by
developing questions
that would predict
children’s future
progress in the Paris
school system.
Lewis
31
Terman
In the US, Lewis Terman
adapted Binet’s test for
American school
children and named the
test the Stanford-Binet
Test. The following is the
formula of Intelligence
Quotient (IQ),
introduced by William
Stern:
David Wechsler
32
Wechsler developed the

Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
and later the Wechsler
Intelligence Scale for
Children (WISC), an
intelligence test for
school-aged children.
WAIS
33
WAIS measures overall intelligence and 11 other

aspects related to intelligence that are designed to
assess clinical and educational problems.
Extremes of Intelligence
34
A valid intelligence test divides two groups of

people into two extremes: the people with
intellectual deficiency (IQ 70) and individuals with
high intelligence (IQ 135). These two groups are
significantly different.
High Intelligence
35
Contrary to popular belief, people with high

intelligence test scores tend to be healthy, well
adjusted, and unusually successful academically.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
(obsolete term=Mental Retardation)
36
People with intellectual deficiency required

constant supervision a few decades ago, but with a
supportive family environment and special
education they can now care for themselves.
Flynn Effect
37
In the past 60 years, intelligence scores have risen

steadily by an average of 27 points. This
phenomenon is known as the Flynn effect.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on
38
Intelligence
No other topic in psychology is so passionately

followed as the one that asks the question, “Is
intelligence due to genetics or environment?”
Genetic Influences
39
Studies of twins, family members, and adopted

children together support the idea that there is a
significant genetic contribution to intelligence.
40 Heritability
The variation in intelligence test scores

attributable to genetics. We credit heredity
with 50% of the variation in intelligence.
It pertains only to why people differ from one
another, not to the individual.
Schooling Effects
41
Schooling is an experience that pays dividends,

which is reflected in intelligence scores. Increased
schooling correlates with higher intelligence scores.
To increase readiness for schoolwork,

projects like Head Start facilitate leaning.
Environmental Effects
42
Differences in intelligence among these groups are

largely environmental, as if one environment is
more fertile in developing these abilities than the
other.
Nature Vs Nurture
case of feral child
Types of intellectual disabilities
Causes
Gender Similarities and Differences
47
There are seven ways in which males and females

differ in various abilities.
1. Girls are better spellers
2. Girls are verbally fluent and have large vocabularies
3. Girls are better at locating objects
4. Girls are more sensitive to touch, taste, and color
5. Boys outnumber girls in counts of underachievement

6. Boys outperform girls at math problem solving, but
under perform at math computation
7. Women detect emotions more easily than men do

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Intelligence

1 Ayesha Shahid Sheikh.

 Intelligence and Creativity

 Modern Tests of Mental Abilities

 Principles of Test Construction

The Dynamics of Intelligence

Do we have an inborn general mental capacity

Intelligence (in all cultures) is the ability to learn

In research studies, intelligence is whatever the

Have you ever thought that since people’s

The idea that general intelligence (g) exists

Athleticism, like intelligence, is many things

Spearman proposed that general intelligence (g)

For example, people who do well on vocabulary

Howard Gardner (1983, 1999) supports the idea

People with savant syndrome excel in abilities

Gardner proposes eight types of intelligences and

Sternberg (1985, 1999, 2003) also agrees with

1. Analytical Intelligence: Intelligence that is assessed

Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive,

 EQ is the capacity to create positive outcomes in your

Why do people with

 Generally thought to be largely  Can be enhanced

 Has been traditionally used to  Recently understood to be an

 Allows development of needed  Fosters understanding and

 Enables development of  Promotes positive relationships

Gardner and others criticize the idea of emotional

Psychologists define intelligence testing as a

Alfred Binet and his

Wechsler developed the

WAIS measures overall intelligence and 11 other

A valid intelligence test divides two groups of

Contrary to popular belief, people with high

People with intellectual deficiency required

In the past 60 years, intelligence scores have risen

No other topic in psychology is so passionately

Studies of twins, family members, and adopted

The variation in intelligence test scores

Schooling is an experience that pays dividends,

To increase readiness for schoolwork,

Differences in intelligence among these groups are

There are seven ways in which males and females

2. Girls are verbally fluent and have large vocabularies

3. Girls are better at locating objects

4. Girls are more sensitive to touch, taste, and color

5. Boys outnumber girls in counts of underachievement

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