PRESENTED BY:

WATERSHED
DUMO, EDUCALANE, ELLOSO, PANGAN

SUBMITTED TO:
Engr. Jelma S. Delima
 Water System

 Water is essential for life. Drinking water must be
safe, of adequate quantity, accessible and affordable.
 Water has several uses of which the most important
are for personal consumption and cleanliness, for
irrigation, and for industry. The quality of water
acceptable for the various uses can be different.
 Although water covers more than 70% of the Earth’s
surface, less than 1% of that resource is available as
fresh water – and this is not evenly distributed
throughout the world.
 Uses of Water

Domestic use
 Irrigation
 Industrial use
 Mining use
 Use in power generation
 Aquacultural use
 Recreational use
 Types of Water

 Surface Water
 Ground Water
 Wastewater
 Stormwater

 Issues

 Half of Filipino households, as of 2011, did not try to
make their drinking water safe, according to the
latest National Nutrition Survey
 As of 2010, 16% of Filipino households lacked access
to clean and potable water, the National Statistical
Coordination Board reported.
 In the Philippines, 91 percent of its estimated 100.7
million population have access to basic water
services, however, access is highly inequitable across
the country, with regional basic water services access
ranging from 62 percent to 100 percent.
 Water Infrastructure

 Aqueduct - is any system designed to transport water.
Common types of aqueduct include pipes, canals,
ditches, tunnels, water bridges and pipelines. They are
used to supply cities with water and to irrigate
agricultural land.
 Cistern-is a waterproof receptacle for holding water.
They are commonly used to store harvested rain water,
particularly in dry climates.

 Rain Garden-is a water drainage system that directs
water towards a garden it is also help to cool urban heat
islands.

 Rainwater Harvesting-is the practice of collecting
rainwater run-off from a roof and then storing it for
useit is also an environmentally friendly as harvested

rainwater may be used for irrigation, laundry, flushing,
process water and with additional treatment may be
utilize as drinking water as well.
 Major Dams

 Angat Dam- is a hydroelectric dam that supplies the manila
metropolitan area water. That means suppling potable water and
energy to metro manila and nearby areas. This can be located at
Barangay San Lorenzo, Norzagaray, Bulacan, Philippines. The
reservoir supplies 90 percent of raw water requirements for metro
manila through the facilities of the metropolitan waterworks and
sewage system.
Ambuklao Dam – it is a central rock-fill
embankment and a part of hydroelectric
facility In the Benguet province. The dam’s
purposes of hydroelectric power
generation, flood control, and irrigation.

Agusan Dam – the dam is composed of 2

downstream plants that were constructed
in the province to serve immediate
industrial and domestic needs of the area.
The watershed only composed of an area
of 25 sq. kilometers, its run-of-river facility
consists of two 800-kiloWatt turbine
generators. It is a concrete flow type of
dam.
La Mesa Dam – has an area of 27 sq.
kilometers in Quezon City, Philippines.
This dam also supplies most of the water
supply in metro manila.

Magat Dam- this dam may be seen along

the magat river, a major tributary of
Cagayan river. This is also one of the
largest dam in the Philippines. Its purpose
is irrigating agricultural lands, flood
control, and power generation for magat
hydroelectric power plant.
San Roque Dam- it is a central clay-core
rockfill with a compacted fill volume
totaling nearly 4o million cubic meters. It
is the largest dam in the Philippines and
sixteenth largest in the world. It spans
along san manuel and San Nicolas
municipalities. In each wet season, the run-
off is stored and later release via water
turbines for irrigation and power supply.

Wawa Dam- is a gravity dam constructed

in Marikina river in the province of Rizal.
It was the only water source for manila
before Angat was built. Now the dam was
abandoned and it is now being use as a
resort.
 Minor Dams

 Aragon Dam – Is an irrigation dam in Davao. The dam was completed
within 7 months although was been disrupted by Typhoon Bopha and
Lingling. The dam is part of cateel irrigation project which is a biggest
project by Mindanao Rural Development Project.
Binga Dam- it forms an impoundment of
the Agno River. The Rock-fill embankment
with an inclined clay core reaches a
heaight of about 107 m above the bed of
Agno river. One of the three cascading
dams in Agno River. The spillway is at the
left abutment, discharging fill into the
River.

Buhisan Dam- this dam is located in Cebu.

It was made way back Feb. 13, 1912 and
continues to be a major source of potable
water in the area.
Bustus Dam – located at Bulacan. Is one of
the longest ‘’Sector Gates” in the world,
this reservoir of the angat hydroelectric
plant at Barrio Hilltop serves as a source of
electric power in the provinces and in
metro manila.

Caliraya Dam – is was form to block of

Caliraya river the hydroelectric power
plant was the first plant ever built by the
NPC (Nation Power Corporation).

Casecnan Dam- is located in Nueva Ecija. It is

used for irrigation and hydro power.
Laiban Dam – it is a proposed bulk water supply project. This dam struggles
through manhy generations. Due to indigenous people that oppose about the
project.

Lumot Dam- is located in the province of laguna. This is a embankment was

constructed across lumot river creating a reservoir now known as lumot
lake. It provides additional water, which turn serves as the upper reservoir
for Kalayaan pumped-storage hydroelectric plant.

Pantabangan Dam – is a earth fill-embankment dam located on the

Pampanga river located in nueva ecija. Is provides irrigation and
hydroelectric power generation while its reservoir, Pantabangan lake,
affords flood control.

Prinza Dam – this was built around the 18th century for irrigating
surrounded rice fields of las Pinas & Bacoor. It is a gravity dam along the
Zapota river. The dam is also being used as a passageway of commuters in
Bacoor to Las Pinas
 Sewage System

• Network of pipes, pumps, and force mains for the
collection of wastewater, or sewage, from a
community.
• Modern sewerage systems fall under two categories:
domestic and industrial sewers and storm sewers.
• Consists of pipelines of different dimensions, from 25
to 240 cm, as well as a number of technological
facilities, such as pumping stations, overflow
facilities, retarding basins, connection facilities,
inspection chambers, oil and sand traps and
treatment plants.
 
 Most Philippine cities have drainage systems of
some kind. There are no separate storm water and
waste water (sewerage) systems. Wastewater from
septic systems freely mixes with the storm water. In
practice this is not as bad as it sounds as the volume
of storm water is large and may well flush out the
drainage system and its contents into the streams
and rivers. The installation and maintenance of
drainage systems (along with roads and water
systems), is a one of the major responsibility of local
government.
 On-site disposal systems

 All the liquid waste from the toilet,
bathroom, laundry and sink goes into
pipes which carry it to a septic tank.
The effluent from the tank is then
disposed of through effluent disposal
drains often referred to
as leach or French drains. Both of
these methods of disposing of liquid
waste are on-site disposal
systems. They must be installed and
maintained properly.
Effluent (wastewater) disposal
system

 In this method the effluent
from the community is carried
by large pipes to the lagoon.
These pipes serve all the
houses and other buildings in
the community. The sewage
may be either be treated in
septic tanks at the houses or
buildings or at the lagoon.
There are no leach or French
drains.
 Full sewage system

 All the sewage from the toilet, shower, laundry and other areas
enters waste and sewer pipes directly and is pumped to a lagoon.
North Gaza Wastewater
Treatment Plant

 Stickney Water
Reclamation Plant

Deer Island Sewage
Treatment Plant

Gabal el Asfar Wastewater
Treatment Plant

 REFERENCES

 http://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?i
d=79991&printable=1
 https://www.jainsusa.com/blog/4-types-of-water
 https://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/07/17/17/21b-people-lack-
access-to-safe-drinking-water-at-home-report
 https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/hunger/61480-access-
water-sanitation-philippines
 https://simplicable.com/new/water-infrastructure
 https://www.scribd.com/document/356823160/Major-Dams-in-the-
Philippines
 http://www.unintech.com/portfolio/the-mosaic/
 https://www.revolvy.com/page/Aragon-Dam
 
 https://www.napocor.gov.ph/index.php/16-dams/94-binga-dam
 https://aboutphilippines.org/files/Buhisan-Dam.pdf

 https://www.bulacan.gov.ph/tourism/touristspot.php?id=14
 http://www.cbkpower.com/project/caliraya-hydroelectric-power-plant-chepp/
 https://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/702-philippines/hydro-
energy/6196-casecnan-dam
 https://www.bulatlat.com/tag/laiban-dam/
 https://www.revolvy.com/page/Lumot-Dam
 https://www.revolvy.com/page/Pantabangan-Dam
 http://bacoor.gov.ph/tourism/prinza-dam/
 
 https://myphilippinelife.com/sewerage-septic-
philippines/?fbclid=IwAR3BwAQL8AGeroXdvq87ie5_VPGOs
9s9H0z5x1x2e1qtea9WBt005YkwwkQ
 http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.
nsf/Content/ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l~ohp-enhealth-
manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch2~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch2.8
 https://www.britannica.com/technology/sewerage-system
 https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/03/12/
north-gaza-communities-will-finally-benefit-from-sewage-
treatment-
services?fbclid=IwAR1HsIr7z98SVmXw5q0_i3KC82dpvMT2oj
wiMhb_aH4-WGhZquuxybLOR3E
 http://greencleanguide.com/the-five-largest-wastewater-
treatment-plants-in-the-world/amp/