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    Graphing Rational Functions

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    1. Rational functions have x-intercepts at the real zeros of the numerator and vertical asymptotes at the real zeros of the denominator. 2. They have at most one horizontal asymptote, determined by the relative degrees of the numerator and denominator. 3. The graph can be sketched by plotting points around zeros of the denominator and considering the function's behavior as x approaches positive or negative infinity.

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    Graphing Rational Functions

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    1. Rational functions have x-intercepts at the real zeros of the numerator and vertical asymptotes at the real zeros of the denominator. 2. They have at most one horizontal asymptote, determined by the relative degrees of the numerator and denominator. 3. The graph can be sketched by plotting points around zeros of the denominator and considering the function's behavior as x approaches positive or negative infinity.

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    1. Rational functions have x-intercepts at the real zeros of the numerator and vertical asymptotes at the real zeros of the denominator. 2. They have at most one horizontal asymptote, determined by the relative degrees of the numerator and denominator. 3. The graph can be sketched by plotting points around zeros of the denominator and considering the function's behavior as x approaches positive or negative infinity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    57 views7 pages

    Graphing Rational Functions

    Uploaded by

    [email protected]
    1. Rational functions have x-intercepts at the real zeros of the numerator and vertical asymptotes at the real zeros of the denominator. 2. They have at most one horizontal asymptote, determined by the relative degrees of the numerator and denominator. 3. The graph can be sketched by plotting points around zeros of the denominator and considering the function's behavior as x approaches positive or negative infinity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    GRAPHING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

    CONCEPT
    GRAPHS OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
    SUMMARY

    Let p (x ) and q (x ) be polynomials with no common factors other


    than 1.The graph of the rational function

    p (x ) a m x m + a m – 1 x m – 1 + … + a 1x + a 0
    f (x ) = =
    q (x ) b n x n + b n – 1x n – 1 + … + b 1x + b 0
    has the following characteristics.

    1. x - intercepts are the real zeros of p (x )

    2. vertical asymptote at each real zero of q (x )

    3. at most one horizontal asymptote


    GRAPHING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
    CONCEPT
    GRAPHS OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
    SUMMARY

    p (x ) a m x m + a m – 1x m – 1 + … + a 1x + a 0
    f (x ) = =
    q (x ) b n x n + b n – 1 x n – 1 + … + b 1x + b 0

    3. at most one horizontal asymptote at each zero of q (x )

    • If m < n, the line y = 0 is a horizontal asymptote.

    am
    • If m = n, the line y = is a horizontal asymptote.
    bn

    • If m > n, the graph has no horizontal asymptote. Its end


    am
    m–n
    behavior is the same as the graph of y = b n x .
    Graphing a Rational Function (m < n)

    Graph y = 4 . State domain


    x 2 + 1 and range.
    SOLUTION

    The numerator has no zeros, so there


    is no x-intercept.

    The denominator has no real zeros, so


    there is no vertical asymptote.

    The degree of the numerator (0) is less than the degree of the
    denominator (2), so the line y = 0 (the x-axis) is a horizontal asymptote.

    The bell-shaped graph passes through (–3, 0.4), (– 1, 2), (0, 4), (1,2),
    and (3, 0.4). The domain is all real numbers; the range is 0 < y  4.
    Graphing a Rational Function (m = n)

    2
    Graph y = 23x .
    x –4
    SOLUTION

    The numerator has 0 as its only zero,


    so the graph has one x-intercept at (0, 0).

    The denominator can be factored as


    (x + 2)(x – 2), so the denominator has
    zeros at 2 and – 2. This implies vertical
    asymptotes at x = – 2 and x = 2.

    The degree of the numerator (2) is equal to the degree of the denominator (2),
    am
    so the horizontal asymptote is y = b = 3.
    n
    Graphing a Rational Function (m = n)

    2
    Graph y = 23x .
    x –4

    To draw the graph, plot points between


    and beyond vertical asymptotes.

    x yy
    To the left of –4 4
    x = –2 –3 5.4
    –1 –1
    Between x = – 2
    and x = 2 0 0
    1 –1
    To the right 3 5.4
    of x = 2
    4 4
    Graphing a Rational Function (m > n)

    x 2 – 2x – 3
    Graph y = .
    x+4

    SOLUTION

    The numerator can be factored as ( x – 3)


    and ( x + 1); the x-intercepts are 3 and –1.

    The only zero of the denominator is – 4, so


    the only vertical asymptote is x = – 4 .

    The degree of the numerator (2) is greater than the degree of the denominator (1),
    so there is no horizontal asymptote and the end behavior of the graph of f is the
    2 –1
    same as the end behavior of the graph of y = x = x.
    Graphing a Rational Function (m > n)

    x 2 – 2x – 3
    Graph y = .
    x+4

    To draw the graph, plot points to the


    left and right of the vertical asymptote.

    x yy
    –12 – 20.6
    To the left of
    x = –4 –9 –19.2
    –6 – 22.5
    –2 2.5
    0 – 0.75
    To the right of
    x = –4 2 – 0.5
    4 0.63
    6 2.1

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