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    Module 33

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    arnelditan
    Gender refers to social and cultural expectations of masculinity and femininity, while sex refers to biological differences. Gender roles define appropriate behavior for men and women in a society, such as expectations around education, careers, housework, decision-making, and childcare. Stereotypes make judgments about individuals based on their membership in a gender group. Sexism involves negative attitudes and behaviors toward others based on their gender, such as unequal pay or harassment. There is ongoing debate around the origins and extent of personality and cognitive differences between men and women.

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    Module 33

    Uploaded by

    arnelditan
    14 views18 pages
    Gender refers to social and cultural expectations of masculinity and femininity, while sex refers to biological differences. Gender roles define appropriate behavior for men and women in a society, such as expectations around education, careers, housework, decision-making, and childcare. Stereotypes make judgments about individuals based on their membership in a gender group. Sexism involves negative attitudes and behaviors toward others based on their gender, such as unequal pay or harassment. There is ongoing debate around the origins and extent of personality and cognitive differences between men and women.

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    Gender refers to social and cultural expectations of masculinity and femininity, while sex refers to biological differences. Gender roles define appropriate behavior for men and women in a society, such as expectations around education, careers, housework, decision-making, and childcare. Stereotypes make judgments about individuals based on their membership in a gender group. Sexism involves negative attitudes and behaviors toward others based on their gender, such as unequal pay or harassment. There is ongoing debate around the origins and extent of personality and cognitive differences between men and women.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    14 views18 pages

    Module 33

    Uploaded by

    arnelditan
    Gender refers to social and cultural expectations of masculinity and femininity, while sex refers to biological differences. Gender roles define appropriate behavior for men and women in a society, such as expectations around education, careers, housework, decision-making, and childcare. Stereotypes make judgments about individuals based on their membership in a gender group. Sexism involves negative attitudes and behaviors toward others based on their gender, such as unequal pay or harassment. There is ongoing debate around the origins and extent of personality and cognitive differences between men and women.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Module 33

    Gender and Sex


    Gender describes the characteristics that a society or
    culture delineates as masculine or feminine.

    Sex refers to biological differences; chromosomes,


    hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.
    Gender Roles are the set of
    expectations defined by a
    particular society that
    indicate what is
    appropriate behavior for
    men and women.
    Education: >Gender-specific education; high
    professional qualification is important only for the
    man
    >Co-educative schools, same content of classes for
    girls and boys, same qualification for men and
    women. 

     Profession: >The workplace is not the primary


    area of women; career and professional
    advancement is deemed unimportant for women
    >For women, career is just as important as for
    men; therefore equal professional opportunities
    for men and women are necessary.
     
    Housework: > Housekeeping and child care are the
    primary functions of the woman; participation of
    the man in these functions is only partially wanted.
    >All housework is done by both parties to the
    marriage in equal shares.

    Decision making: > In case of conflict, man has the


    last say, for example in choosing the place to live,
    choice of school for children, buying decisions
    > Neither partner dominates; solutions do not
    always follow the principle of finding a concerted
    decision; status quo is maintained if disagreement
    occurs
     Childcare education:

    > Woman takes care of the largest part of


    these functions; she educates children and
    cares for them in every way

    > Man and woman share these functions


    equally.
     
    Stereotype: judgment about individual member of group
    on the basis of their membership in that group.
     
     Sexism: Negative attitudes and behavior toward
    a person based on that person’s gender.
    Sexism on Job:
     Female, “pink-collar” jobs, secretary, nurse, cashier,

    etc.

     Male, construction worker, carpenter, etc.

     Female, earn less.

     Male, earn more.


     Glass Ceiling
    A situation in which progress, especially promotion, appears to be
    possible but restrictions or discrimination create a barrier that
    prevents it.
     Sexual Harassment: Unwanted
    sexual attention, the creation of
    hostile or abusive environment or
    explicit coercion to engage in
    unwanted sexual activity. 
    Gender differences:

    Similar or Dissimilar ?
    Personality Factors:

     Men generally seem to have higher self-esteem than


    women do.
     Men and women differ in how positively they view

    their own abilities and how they estimate the


    probability of their future.
     Women’s speech is more precise.
     Cognitive abilities are mental skills necessary for a
    success­ful life.
     Biological and Evolutionary Factors:

    >Androgen: male hormone

    >Estrogen: female hormone


     
    Social Environment
    >Parents interact with their children differently,
    according on their sex.

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