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    GEO L16 Soil Formation Profile

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    soumo roy
    The document discusses soil formation factors including rocks, climate, relief, biota, and time. It then covers chemical processes within soil like capillary movement, leaching, and gleying that form different soil types. Finally, it describes the soil profile and its various horizons, and how erosion can impact the loss of fertile topsoil layers.

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    GEO L16 Soil Formation Profile

    Uploaded by

    soumo roy
    40 views22 pages
    The document discusses soil formation factors including rocks, climate, relief, biota, and time. It then covers chemical processes within soil like capillary movement, leaching, and gleying that form different soil types. Finally, it describes the soil profile and its various horizons, and how erosion can impact the loss of fertile topsoil layers.

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    GEO_L16_soil_formation_profile.pptx

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    The document discusses soil formation factors including rocks, climate, relief, biota, and time. It then covers chemical processes within soil like capillary movement, leaching, and gleying that form different soil types. Finally, it describes the soil profile and its various horizons, and how erosion can impact the loss of fertile topsoil layers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views22 pages

    GEO L16 Soil Formation Profile

    Uploaded by

    soumo roy
    The document discusses soil formation factors including rocks, climate, relief, biota, and time. It then covers chemical processes within soil like capillary movement, leaching, and gleying that form different soil types. Finally, it describes the soil profile and its various horizons, and how erosion can impact the loss of fertile topsoil layers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 22

    Geological history of India

    Physiography of India

    Indian weather: seasons

    Climatic regions of India

    Soils of India
    Soil

    Soil Formation

    Soil Profile

    Soil Erosion - conservation

    Soil-Salinity & conservation


    Soil
    Desertification &
    Prevention

    Soils of India

    Land Use-Pattern in India


    Soil- forming factors

    Rock Climate Relief

    Biota Time
    Soil- forming factors: rocks

    • Soil made up of erosion


    of parent rock
    • It provides soil
    minerals, texture,
    structure, pH value,
    porosity
    • Soft rocks – better soil
    formation than hard
    rocks
    Soil- forming factors: Climate
    Climate: temp + rainfall
    Agent of erosion
    • Dry region – wind
    • Wet region –water
    • Cold region – glacier
    • Climate affect the type
    of erosion + intensity of
    erosion
    Soil- forming factors: Relief
    • Relief control the
    climate and type of
    forest
    • Steep gradient = thin,
    under developed soil
    • Plain (low gradient) =
    thick, well developed
    soil
    Soil- forming factors: Biota
    • Micro-organism help in
    enrichment of soil
    • Roots of vegetation –
    agent of weathering
    • Humus content from
    vegetation provide
    nutrients to soil
    Soil- forming factors: Time
    • Soil-formation long-term
    process
    • All the factors need time to
    form the soil
    • After weathering – time
    decides maturity of soil
    Transportation in soil

    Capillary leaching
    Upward Downward
    movement of movement of
    minerals minerals

    Hot and dry Humid


    climate condition
    Chemical Processes within soil

    Hot-humid Latosol
    Leaching
    (Humid)
    Cold-humid Podzol
    Chemical Processes within soil

    Capillary
    Latosol
    Soil
    Leaching
    processes
    Podzol
    Gleying
    Chemical Processes of soil: capillary
    • In hot and dry climate
    • Evaporation is faster
    • Salts within the soil
    come at the upper layer
    • Calcium salts
    • Soil salinity
    Chemical Processes of soil: Leaching
    • In hot and humid
    climate
    • Heavy rainfall
    Iron + Al • Silica within soil move
    downward – but Iron
    Silica and aluminum remain
    at upper layer
    • Acidic and reddish soil
    • Lateritic soil
    Chemical Processes of soil: Leaching
    • In cold and humid
    climate
    • Iron and Aluminum
    Silica move downward and
    silica remain at upper
    Iron + Al layer
    • Gray in colour
    • Podzoilic soil
    • Low fertility
    Chemical Processes of soil: Gleying
    • In swampy – peat soils
    • Terai, Mangrove region
    • Bluish in colour
    • Excessive Potassium
    salts
    Soil
    Soil Formation

    Soil Profile

    Soil Erosion - conservation

    Soil-Salination & conservation


    Soil Profile
    • Soil have different
    layers with different
    physical and chemical
    properties
    • Management of soil
    horizons important for
    soil conservation
    Soil Profile
    • Horizons of soil:
    • O = organic dust,
    leaves, litter
    • A= top soil with
    nutrients
    • E = transition zone
    • B = sub-soil
    • C = weathered rock
    material
    Soil Profile
    • C = parent rock
    • O and R not part of
    functional soil
    • Soil erosion = loss of
    top soil (A and E)
    • B cannot support plant
    life
    • Extreme soil erosion =
    loss of B also
    Leaching capillary

    A layer is leached A layer is enriched


    B layer enriched A layer will have Calcium,
    Latosol A (Al, iron), B or Sodium salts
    (Silica)
    Podzol A (silica), B (Al,
    iron)

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