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    Inflammation of Urinary Bladder: Harshita Ii ND Year A.B.C.O.N

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    Dinda yuliasari
    The document discusses cystitis, or urinary bladder infection, including its causes such as bacterial infection when bacteria enter the bladder, potential irritants that can cause damage or irritation, common symptoms like pain and burning during urination, and prevention methods like drinking plenty of water and avoiding perfumed products near the genitals. It also covers the pathogenesis of cystitis, with bacteria typically entering the bladder via the urethra and being able to form biofilms on the bladder wall, as well as nursing management approaches to reduce pain and improve urinary elimination and sleep patterns.

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    Inflammation of Urinary Bladder: Harshita Ii ND Year A.B.C.O.N

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    Dinda yuliasari
    19 views30 pages
    The document discusses cystitis, or urinary bladder infection, including its causes such as bacterial infection when bacteria enter the bladder, potential irritants that can cause damage or irritation, common symptoms like pain and burning during urination, and prevention methods like drinking plenty of water and avoiding perfumed products near the genitals. It also covers the pathogenesis of cystitis, with bacteria typically entering the bladder via the urethra and being able to form biofilms on the bladder wall, as well as nursing management approaches to reduce pain and improve urinary elimination and sleep patterns.

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    The document discusses cystitis, or urinary bladder infection, including its causes such as bacterial infection when bacteria enter the bladder, potential irritants that can cause damage or irritation, common symptoms like pain and burning during urination, and prevention methods like drinking plenty of water and avoiding perfumed products near the genitals. It also covers the pathogenesis of cystitis, with bacteria typically entering the bladder via the urethra and being able to form biofilms on the bladder wall, as well as nursing management approaches to reduce pain and improve urinary elimination and sleep patterns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views30 pages

    Inflammation of Urinary Bladder: Harshita Ii ND Year A.B.C.O.N

    Uploaded by

    Dinda yuliasari
    The document discusses cystitis, or urinary bladder infection, including its causes such as bacterial infection when bacteria enter the bladder, potential irritants that can cause damage or irritation, common symptoms like pain and burning during urination, and prevention methods like drinking plenty of water and avoiding perfumed products near the genitals. It also covers the pathogenesis of cystitis, with bacteria typically entering the bladder via the urethra and being able to form biofilms on the bladder wall, as well as nursing management approaches to reduce pain and improve urinary elimination and sleep patterns.

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    INFLAMMATION OF

    URINARY BLADDER

    HARSHITA
    II nd YEAR
    A.B.C.O.N
    INTRODUCTION

    • Infection of urinary bladder is known as Cystitis.


    • It's usually caused by an infection in the bladder,
    but can also be caused by irritation or damage
    (from friction during sex).
    • It is more common in women.
    • A urinary tract infection (UTI) (also known
    as cystitis or bladder infection) is an infection that
    affects part of the urinary tract.
    CAUSES

    • The most common cause of cystitis is a bacterial


    infection. If bacteria reach the bladder, they can
    multiply and irritate the bladder lining, causing the
    symptoms of cystitis.
    • Cystitis can also result from damage or irritation
    around the urethra. The urethra is the tube that
    carries urine from the bladder out of the body. In
    men, the urethral opening (where urine leaves the
    body) is at the tip of the penis. In women it's just
    below the clitoris.
    BACTERIAL INFECTION

    • This happens when bacteria get into the bladder


    and multiply. It can happen if you don't empty your
    bladder properly.
    • Bacterial infection can also happen when bacteria
    from the anus are transferred to the urethra. This is
    more common in women than in men, as the
    urethra is closer to the anus in women than it is in
    men.
    BACTERIAL INFECTION

    In women, transferring bacteria in this way can


    happen when you are:
    • Having sex
    • Wiping after going to the toilet (you're less likely to
    transfer bacteria in this way if you wipe from front to
    back)
    • Inserting a tampon
    • Using a diaphragm (a soft dome made of latex or
    silicone) for contraception
    BACTERIAL INFECTION

    • In women who have had, or are going through,


    the menopause, the lining of the urethra and the
    bladder become thinner. This is due to a lack of the
    hormone oestrogen. The thin lining is more likely to
    become infected or damaged. Women also
    produce fewer vaginal secretions after the
    menopause, which means that bacteria are more
    likely to multiply.
    DAMAGE OR IRRITATION

    Cystitis can also be caused by damage or irritation in


    the area around the urethra in both men and
    women. This could be the result of:
    • Wearing tight clothing
    • Chemical irritants – for example, in perfumed soap
    or talcum powder
    • Other bladder or kidney problems, such as a kidney
    infection or prostatitis
    DAMAGE OR IRRITATION

    • Diabetes (a long-term condition caused by too


    much glucose in the blood)
    • Damage caused by a catheter (a tube inserted into
    the urethra to allow urine to flow into a drainage
    bag, which is often used after surgery)
    SYMPTOMS

    Children and adults can


    get cystitis, and the
    symptoms can be
    different.
    SYMPTOMS
    Symptoms in men and women:
    • Cystitis in men and women can cause:
    • pain, burning or stinging when you urinate
    • needing to urinate often and urgently but passing
    only small amounts of urine
    • urine that's dark, cloudy or strong smelling.
    • urine that contains traces of blood (haematuria)
    • pain low in your belly (directly above the pubic
    bone), or in the lower back or abdomen
    • feeling unwell, weak or feverish
    SYMPTOMS

    Symptoms in children
    • Symptoms of cystitis in children may include:
    • weakness
    • irritability
    • reduced appetite
    • vomiting
    • pain when urinating
    • Cystitis is usually treated easily. Find out more
    about treating cystitis.
    SYMPTOMS

    The symptoms caused by cystitis could also be


    caused by:
    • sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as
    gonorrhoea or chlamydia
    • being infected with bacterium such as E-coli
    • vaginal thrush, also known as candida (a yeast
    infection)
    • inflammation of the urethra (urethritis)
    • urethral syndrome (women only)
    SYMPTOMS

    • inflammation of the prostate gland, also known


    as prostatitis (men only)
    PATHOGENESIS

    • The bacteria that cause urinary tract infections


    typically enter the bladder via the urethra. However,
    infection may also occur via the blood or lymph. It is
    believed that the bacteria are usually transmitted to
    the urethra from the bowel, with females at greater
    risk due to their anatomy. After gaining entry to the
    bladder, E. Coli are able to attach to the bladder
    wall and form a biofilm that resists the body's
    immune response.
    PATHOGENESIS

    • It is the most frequent bacterial infection in women.


    • They occur most frequently between the ages of
    16 and 35 years, with 10% of women getting an
    infection yearly and 60% having an infection at
    some point in their lives.
    • Recurrences are common, with nearly half of
    people getting a second infection within a year.
    Urinary tract infections occur four times more
    frequently in females than males.
    PATHOGENESIS

    • Pyelonephritis occurs between 20–30 times less


    frequently . They are the most common cause
    of hospital acquired infections accounting for
    approximately 40%. Rates of asymptomatic
    bacteria in the urine increase with age from two to
    seven percent in women of child bearing age to as
    high as 50% in elderly women in care
    homes. Rates of asymptomatic bacteria in the urine
    among men over 75 are between 7-10%.
    PATHOGENESIS

    • Urinary tract infections may affect 10% of people


    during childhood. Among children urinary tract
    infections are the most common in uncircumcised
    males less than three months of age, followed by
    females less than one year. Estimates of frequency
    among children however vary widely. In a group of
    children with a fever, ranging in age between birth
    and two years, two to 20% were diagnosed with a
    UTI.
    PATHOGENESIS

    • The symptoms of cystitis usually clear up without


    treatment within 4-9 days. There are some self-help
    treatments that can ease the discomfort of any
    symptoms.
    Self-help treatments

    Over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers, such as


    paracetamol or ibuprofen. These can reduce pain
    and discomfort. Always read the label and check
    with your pharmacist first, particularly if you have
    any other medical condition, you are taking other
    medicines, or you're pregnant or breastfeeding.
    Drinking plenty of water is often recommended as a
    treatment for cystitis. There's no evidence that this
    is helpful, although drinking around 1.2 liters (6-8
    glasses) of water a day is generally good for your
    health. Also avoid alcohol.
    Self-help treatments

    Don't have sex until your cystitis has cleared up


    because having sex can make it worse.
    • Some people find that using urine alkanising
    agents, such as sodium bicarbonate or potassium
    citrate, for a short period of time may help to relieve
    pain when urinating. However, there is currently a
    lack of clinical evidence for their effectiveness.
    Antibiotics

    • This will usually involve taking a tablet 2-4 times a


    day, for three days.
    PREVENTION

    It's not always possible to prevent cystitis, but


    you can take some steps to help avoid the
    condition:
    • don't use perfumed bubble bath, soap, or
    talcum powder around your genitals - use plain,
    unperfumed varieties
    • have a shower, rather than a bath, to avoid
    exposing your genitals to the chemicals in your
    cleaning products for too long
    PREVENTION

    • always empty your bladder fully when you go to


    the toilet
    • don't wait to go if you need to urinate: delaying it
    can place extra stress on your bladder and could
    make it more vulnerable to infection
    • wear underwear made from cotton rather than
    synthetic material such as nylon
    • avoid wearing tight jeans and trousers
    PREVENTION

    • always wipe from the front of your genital area


    to the back, not back to front, when you go to the
    toilet
    • some people find certain types of food
    and drink make their cystitis worse: for example,
    coffee, fruit juice or spicy foods. If there is anything
    that triggers your cystitis, you may wish to avoid it
    NURSING MANAGEMENT

    TO REDUCE PAIN:
    • Monitor urine color changes, monitor the voiding
    pattern, input and output every 8 hours and monitor
    the results of urinalysis repeated.
    • Perineal care.
    • Catheter treatment 2 times per day.
    Impaired Urinary Elimination

    • Assess the patient's pattern of elimination.


    • Encourage the patient to drink as much as possible
    and reduce drinking in the afternoon.
    • Encourage the patient to urinate every 2-3 hours
    and when it suddenly felt.
    Disturbed Sleep Pattern

    • Provide a comfortable bed.


    • Increase comfort bedtime regimen, for example, a
    warm bath and a massage, a glass of warm milk.
    • Reduce noise and light.

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