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    Biomechanics of Fractures and Fixation

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    Gemma Lua
    This document discusses the basic biomechanics of fractures and fixation. It covers concepts like stress, strain, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, yield points, failure points, materials properties in orthopedics including cortical bone, cancellous bone, and implants. It also discusses bone biomechanics including anisotropy, viscoelasticity, density effects, and failure modes under bending, axial, and torsional loads. Fracture patterns depend on the direction and type of applied forces.

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    Biomechanics of Fractures and Fixation

    Uploaded by

    Gemma Lua
    40 views25 pages
    This document discusses the basic biomechanics of fractures and fixation. It covers concepts like stress, strain, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, yield points, failure points, materials properties in orthopedics including cortical bone, cancellous bone, and implants. It also discusses bone biomechanics including anisotropy, viscoelasticity, density effects, and failure modes under bending, axial, and torsional loads. Fracture patterns depend on the direction and type of applied forces.

    Original Description:

    Biomechanics and MOA

    Original Title

    Biomechanics and MOA

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document discusses the basic biomechanics of fractures and fixation. It covers concepts like stress, strain, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, yield points, failure points, materials properties in orthopedics including cortical bone, cancellous bone, and implants. It also discusses bone biomechanics including anisotropy, viscoelasticity, density effects, and failure modes under bending, axial, and torsional loads. Fracture patterns depend on the direction and type of applied forces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    40 views25 pages

    Biomechanics of Fractures and Fixation

    Uploaded by

    Gemma Lua
    This document discusses the basic biomechanics of fractures and fixation. It covers concepts like stress, strain, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, yield points, failure points, materials properties in orthopedics including cortical bone, cancellous bone, and implants. It also discusses bone biomechanics including anisotropy, viscoelasticity, density effects, and failure modes under bending, axial, and torsional loads. Fracture patterns depend on the direction and type of applied forces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Biomechanics of Fractures

    and Fixation
    Basic Biomechanics
    Force
    Area
    L

    Stress = Force/Area Strain Change Height (L) /


    Original Height(L0)
    Basic Biomechanics
    Force, Displacement & Stiffness

    Force Slope = Stiffness =


    Force/Displacement

    Displacement
    Basic Biomechanics
    Stress-Strain & Elastic Modulus

    Stress =
    Slope =
    Force/Area
    Elastic Modulus =
    Stress/Strain

    Strain =
    Change in Length/Original Length (L/ L0)
    Basic Biomechanics
    • Elastic Deformation Elastic Plastic
    • Plastic Deformation
    • Energy
    Force
    Energy
    Absorbed

    Displacement
    Basic Biomechanics
    Elastic Plastic
    • Stiffness-Flexibility Failure
    Yield
    • Yield Point
    • Failure Point Force
    • Brittle-Ductile
    • Toughness-Weakness
    Stiffness

    Displacement
    Basic Biomechanics
    Common Materials in Orthopaedics

    • Elastic Modulus (GPa) • Stainless Steel 200


    • Titanium 100
    • Cortical Bone 7-21
    • Bone Cement 2.5-3.5
    Stress • Cancellous Bone 0.7-4.9
    • UHMW-PE 1.4-4.2

    Strain
    Moments of Inertia
    • Resistance to bending,
    twisting, compression or
    tension of an object is a
    function of its shape
    • Relationship of applied
    force to distribution of
    mass (shape) with
    respect to an axis.
    Basic Biomechanics
    • Load to Failure • Fatigue Failure
    – Continuous application – Cyclical sub-threshold
    of force until the loading may result in
    material breaks (failure failure due to fatigue.
    point at the ultimate – Common mode of
    load). failure of orthopaedic
    – Common mode of implants and fracture
    failure of bone fixation constructs.
    Basic Biomechanics
    • Anisotropic • Viscoelastic
    – Mechanical properties – Stress-Strain character
    dependent upon dependent upon rate of
    direction of loading applied strain (time
    dependent).
    Bone Biomechanics
    • Bone is anisotropic - its modulus is
    dependent upon the direction of loading.
    • The bone is weakest in shear, then tension
    and strongest in compression.
    • Ultimate Stress at Failure Cortical Bone
    Compression < 212 N/m2
    Tension < 146 N/m2
    Shear < 82 N/m2
    Bone Biomechanics
    • Bone is viscoelastic: its force-deformation
    characteristics are dependent upon the rate
    of loading.
    Bone Mechanics
    • Bone Density
    – Subtle density changes
    greatly changes Cortical Bone
    strength and elastic
    modulus
    • Density changes Trabecular Bone
    – Normal aging
    – Disease
    – Use
    – Disuse
    Figure from: Browner et al: Skeletal Trauma
    2nd Ed. Saunders, 1998.
    Bone Mechanics
    Basic Biomechanics
    • Bending
    • Axial Loading
    – Tension
    – Compression
    • Torsion

    Bending Compression Torsion


    Fracture Mechanics
    • Bending load:
    – Compression strength
    greater than
    tensile strength
    – Fails in tension
    Fracture Mechanics
    • Torsion
    – The diagonal in the direction of the applied force is in
    tension – cracks perpendicular to this tension diagonal
    – Spiral fracture 45º to the long axis
    Fracture Mechanics
    • Combined bending &
    axial load
    – Oblique fracture
    – Butterfly fragment

    Figure from: Tencer. Biomechanics in Orthopaedic


    Trauma, Lippincott, 1994.

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