Chapter 3: Information Systems Development

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Chapter 3: Information Systems Development
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PROCESS OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

System development process – a set of activities, methods, best practices,
deliverables, and automated tools that stakeholders (Chapter 1) use to develop
and continuously improve information systems and software (Chapters 1 and 2).
– Many variations
– Using a consistent process for system development:
– Create efficiencies that allow management to shift resources between
projects
– Produces consistent documentation that reduces lifetime costs to
maintain the systems
– Promotes quality
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THE CMM PROCESS MANAGEMENT MODEL

Capability Maturity Model (CMM) – a standardized framework for assessing
the maturity level of an organization’s information system development and
management processes and products. It consists of five levels of maturity:
 Level 1—Initial: System development projects follow no prescribed process.
 Level 2—Repeatable: Project management processes and practices are established to
track project costs, schedules, and functionality.
 Level 3—Defined: A standard system development process (sometimes called a
“methodology”) is purchased or developed. All projects use a version of this process to
develop and maintain information systems and software.
 Level 4—Managed: Measurable goals for quality and productivity are established.
 Level 5—Optimizing: The standardized system development process is continuously
monitored and improved based on measures and data analysis established in Level 4.
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CAPABILITY
MATURITY
MODEL
(CMM)
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A SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE
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REPRESENTATIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES

 Architected Rapid Application Development (Architected
RAD)
 Dynamic Systems Development Methodology (DSDM)
 Joint Application Development (JAD)
 Information Engineering (IE)
 Rapid Application Development (RAD)
 Rational Unified Process (RUP)
 Structured Analysis and Design
 eXtreme Programming (XP)
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PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

 Get the system users involved.
 Use a problem-solving approach.
 Establish phases and activities.
 Document through development.
 Establish standards.
 Manage the process and projects
 Justify systems as capital investments.
 Don’t be afraid to cancel or revise scope.
 Divide and conquer.
 Design systems for growth and change.
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USE A PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH

Classical Problem-solving approach
1. Study and understand the problem, its context, and
its impact.
2. Define the requirements that must be meet by any
solution.
3. Identify candidate solutions that fulfill the
requirements, and select the “best” solution.
4. Design and/or implement the chosen solution.
5. Observe and evaluate the solution’s impact, and
refine the solution accordingly.
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THE PIECES PROBLEM-SOLVING FRAMEWORK

P the need to improve performance
I the need to improve information (and
data)
E the need to improve economics, control
costs, or increase profits
C the need to improve control or security
E the need to improve efficiency of people
and processes
S the need to improve service to customers, suppliers, partners,
employees, etc.
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RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

 Rapid application development (RAD) – a system development strategy
that emphasizes speed of development through extensive user
involvement in the rapid, iterative, and incremental construction of series
of functioning prototypes of a system that eventually evolves into the final
system.
 Prototype – a small-scale, representative, or working model of the users’

requirements or a proposed design for an information system.
 Time box – the imposition of a nonextendable period of time, usually 60-90

days, by which the first (or next) version of a system must be delivered into
operation.
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RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
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AUTOMATED TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY

 Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE)
 Application development environments
(ADEs)
 Process and project managers
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (CAS)

Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) – the use
of automated software tools that support the drawing
and analysis of system models and associated
specifications. Some CASE tools also provide
prototyping and code generation capabilities.
 CASE repository – a system developers’ database where developers
can store system models, detailed descriptions and specifications,
and other products of system development. Synonyms include
dictionary and encyclopedia.
 Forward engineering – a CASE tool capability that can generate initial
software or database code directly from system.
 Reverse engineering – a CASE tool capability that can generate initial
system models from software or database code.
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CASE TOOL ARCHITECTURE
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6/6/2018 12:44 AM

Chapter 3: Information Systems Development

PROCESS OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

THE CMM PROCESS MANAGEMENT MODEL

A SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE

REPRESENTATIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES

PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

USE A PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH

THE PIECES PROBLEM-SOLVING FRAMEWORK

RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

 Prototype – a small-scale, representative, or working model of the users’

 Time box – the imposition of a nonextendable period of time, usually 60-90

RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

AUTOMATED TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTER-ASSISTED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (CAS)

CASE TOOL ARCHITECTURE

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