A 4G vision

Nicolas Demassieux
European Communication Research Labs
Motorola Labs
May 15, 2002

Advances in Wireless April 29, 2002 1

 Outline

• Where is value for Next Generation Cellular ?

• Quick overview of Motorola research on “Beyond 3G”

• What lessons from 3G ?

• What 4G should look like?

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 2
Trend #1 : Bandwidth - Personal Wireless

10 000 000 000

1 000 000 000 4G

100 000 000

3.5G
10 000 000
bps 3G
1 000 000
GPRS
100 000 2G
10 000

1 000

100
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 3
 Trend #2 : Variety of technologies

• The future path has fractured 3G & 3G & 4G &

WLAN & WLAN & WLAN &
into a number of possibilities Brdcst Ad-hoc Brdcst
2.5G &
• Operators and vendors must WLAN
create viable strategies to 3G+ & 4G &
3G+ &
prosper within this complexity 3G &
WLAN
WLAN & WLAN &
WLAN Ad-hoc Ad-hoc

GPRS/ 4G &
EDGE 3G+ WLAN
(2.5G)

GSM W-CDMA 4G
(2G) (3G)

1990 2000 2010

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 4
 Where is value for next generation?
Increasing scope of use and

u e

New value chain &

al

business models
applications opportunities

Cellular / WLAN/Broadcast
• Telecom / Broadcast
l V
convergence
t a
• True Anything, Anywhere,
T o
Anytime experience
i ng
eas
Cellular / WLAN
cr
In
• Wireless / Wireline
competition
• Seamless mobility
• Office / Wide area roaming
• Home / Wide area roaming

Unchanged value chain & business models

POC (Plain Old Cellular)
Voice Shared Environments
E-Commerce
Mobile Radio Audio Streaming
Video On Demand
E-mail MMS Video Streaming
Mobile Video Conferencing

kbps 9.6 32 64 128 144 384 2,000

2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G
Increasing bandwidth for users and capacity for carriers
A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 5
 Motorola Labs Research - Overview

Broadband Wireless:
• Research on mobile broadband wireless
communications (anywhere access) and GPRS
(2.5G) 3.5G
services beyond the capability of 3rd
Generation cellular systems GSM W-CDMA 4G
(2G) (3G)

Research Programs:
• B3G (Beyond 3G)
• digital broadcasting/WLAN + 2G/3G Cellular ‘90 ‘00 ‘10
• testbed for composite radio systems
• 4G System Design 4G
10X
• revolutionary air interface technology operating in 3.5G >10X

Capacity
new spectrum allocations
• WLAN System Design
• improvement of WLAN technology and development 3X
of WLAN based wireless system in complement to
Cellular
1X 3G-r99
2000 2005 2010

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 6
 B3G Vision
Management domain
DVB-T
Composite Service
Delivery management
(Billing, …)

Management
Ipv6 Internet
Functions
Backbone(s) IPv4IPv6
Composite Radio
Composite Domain Ressource WLAN
Management management
(mobility, QoS, (Spectrum utilization,
multicast, AAA) links/traffic GPRS UMTS Services
optimization)

A moving IP- subnet

Main Attributes:
Core network IPv6 based
Better support of mobility, security and “unlimited” address space
Wireless access points become IP gateways
Different radio access technologies deployed within a domain
Optimization of the radio resources
A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 7
 B3G Demonstrations
• A demonstration of broadband mobile systems Proxy & Intranet
– Broadband downlink carrier on DVB-T (WA9XHI) Router /
Internet Content
– Narrowband uplink via a cellular data (IS-707 data)
– Proving ground for asymmetric mobile broadband
– Vehicular mobility field tests started May 2000
– Session maintenance and handover between the two
systems
– Platform to demonstrate custom applications DVB-T
OFDM CDMA
5-30 Mb/s 14.4 kb/s
• A Beyond 3G complete testbed
– Multiple carriers (DVB-T, GPRS, WLAN)
– Supports short term hierarchical networks
Content
and longer term IPv6 based core networks WLAN
– Development of the Composite Access GPRS Appl.
Management (Network-side, Carrier and IP Network GPRS
platform
DVB-T Netw.
Service-focussed)
WLAN Middlew.
– Development of the transparent Networking
Middleware (Terminal-side, User-focussed) DVB-T
B3G Terminal
– Session maintenance and handover between Composite
the three systems, additional functionalities Access
progressively added (RRM, AAA…) Management
– 1st demo started Sep. 2001
A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 8
 4G Air Interface
• Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps < peak < 200 Mbps)
• Higher spectral efficiency and lower cost per bit than 3G
• Air interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
– Adaptive modulation/coding with power control, hybrid ARQ
• Smaller cells, on average, than 3G
– However, cell size will be made as large as possible via:
• High power base station to boost downlink range
• Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary
• Adaptive antennas option
• Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)

• RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher

• Frequency Domain methods:
• OFDM is promising for downlink

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 9
 4Gx – 4G Experimental System
20 MHz ba 3. 67 5 G
ndwidth Hz

Dual
6 sector base site receivers
2 at mobile
antennas/sector
height =~160 ft
Top of 6-story building
• Proof-of-concept to test 4G air interface
technologies
• Several drive routes covering 6 sectors
• 2 mile radius
• Channel measurements for use in offline
algorithm development/testing
• Several forms of modulation (e.g., OFDM,
CDMA) and coding transmitted and
captured

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 10
 4Gx Field Data
Power Delay Profile CDF # of rms Delay Spread
channel rays

Path Loss

BER vs. position for

Uncoded high-order QAM
using MIMO

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 11
 Lessons from 3G

• Customer demand was extremely uncertain

– Exploring and trialing next generation applications should be done upfront
BEFORE the definition of the requirements for the system and the air interface
– We need to start this activity NOW to get the 4G requirements by 2005!

• The 3G story (for the financial community, the regulatory bodies, the end-
users…) and research was centered around a new, more capable, air
interface. There was significant over-expectations.
– The 4G story should be centered around the user experience
– The 4G research should be centered around architecture and system aspects
that would support an effective, open, flexible integration of multiple
technologies

• Standards for 3G where elaborated in « vertical monolithic » standard

bodies.
– 4G requirements, global architecture and protocols should be coordinated at the
highest level possible in a “global 4G” standard body. Specific element of the
standard and or regional variations should be fully developed in multiple, ad-hoc,
effective “horizontal” standard bodies.

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 12
 What 4G should look like (1/2) ?

If you please -
draw me a
sheep!

The sheep is in the box!

Little Prince Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 13
 What 4G should look like (2/2)?
A generic abstraction of a wireless system 4G Compliant Standard Elements
+ formal descriptions of interfaces and objects
Multiple, Continuously improving
+ conformance testing mechanisms
applications support standard
APIs for transparent access of
App Support

applications to 4G Apps support

Middleware

Protocols for linking transport and Enhanced TCP/IPv6

applications (QoS ,…) •Mobile capable
Transport

•Security enabled
•QoS enabled

Protocols for linking transport and

WPAN
WLAN
AIFF (QoS, Mobility manag.)

DVB
2G
3G
Generic Signalling
AIFF

Multiple, Continuously improving air

Protocols for Joined RRM Interface Standards

A 4G vision
Mai 15, 2002 14