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    Classification of Streams

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    Jeremiah Algem Mendez
    Streams can be classified as either influent or effluent, and intermittent or perennial. [1] Influent streams are losing streams where groundwater flows into the stream bed. Effluent streams are gaining streams where groundwater feeds into the stream from below. [2] Intermittent streams only flow during wet seasons and are dry during summer, while perennial streams flow continuously with groundwater replenishment. [3] Several factors affect the runoff in streams, including precipitation, catchment size and shape, topography, geology, meteorology, and storage characteristics.

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    Classification of Streams

    Uploaded by

    Jeremiah Algem Mendez
    133 views20 pages
    Streams can be classified as either influent or effluent, and intermittent or perennial. [1] Influent streams are losing streams where groundwater flows into the stream bed. Effluent streams are gaining streams where groundwater feeds into the stream from below. [2] Intermittent streams only flow during wet seasons and are dry during summer, while perennial streams flow continuously with groundwater replenishment. [3] Several factors affect the runoff in streams, including precipitation, catchment size and shape, topography, geology, meteorology, and storage characteristics.

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    Classification of Streams

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    Streams can be classified as either influent or effluent, and intermittent or perennial. [1] Influent streams are losing streams where groundwater flows into the stream bed. Effluent streams are gaining streams where groundwater feeds into the stream from below. [2] Intermittent streams only flow during wet seasons and are dry during summer, while perennial streams flow continuously with groundwater replenishment. [3] Several factors affect the runoff in streams, including precipitation, catchment size and shape, topography, geology, meteorology, and storage characteristics.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    133 views20 pages

    Classification of Streams

    Uploaded by

    Jeremiah Algem Mendez
    Streams can be classified as either influent or effluent, and intermittent or perennial. [1] Influent streams are losing streams where groundwater flows into the stream bed. Effluent streams are gaining streams where groundwater feeds into the stream from below. [2] Intermittent streams only flow during wet seasons and are dry during summer, while perennial streams flow continuously with groundwater replenishment. [3] Several factors affect the runoff in streams, including precipitation, catchment size and shape, topography, geology, meteorology, and storage characteristics.

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    CLASSIFICATION OF

    STREAMS
    Influent and Effluent Streams
    Intermittent and Perennial Streams

    By: junna mae c. morales bsce 4b


    stream
    1. a small, narrow river.
    2. a continuous flow of liquid, air, or gas.
    INFLUENT STREAMS
    or losing streams: where the water table is below the stream
    CLASSIFICAT
    bed, and the water flows from the stream bed through a porous
    material to recharge the groundwater.

    STREAMS
    ION OF
    Losing streams are
    common in arid areas.
    Trebišnjica - is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the longest sinking rivers in the
    world
    EFFLUENT STREAMS
    CLASSIFICAT
    or gaining streams: where the water table is above the stream
    and groundwater feeds into the stream

    STREAMS
    ION OF
    INTERMITTENT STREAMS
    CLASSIFICAT
    or seasonal stream - have flowing water periods during the
    wet season (winter-spring) but are normally dry during hot
    summer months. Intermittent streams do not have continuous
    flowing water year-round and are not "relatively permanent
    STREAMS waters."
    ION OF
    PERENNIAL STREAMS
    Streams that flow continuously because they lie at or below the
    CLASSIFICAT
    groundwater table, which constantly replenishes them.

    STREAMS
    ION OF
    Factors Affecting runoff
    – A. Precipitation
    – B. Shape and Size of the Catchment
    – C. Topography
    – D. Geological Characteristics
    – E. Meteorological Characteristics
    – F. Character of the Catchment Surface
    – G. Storage Characteristics
    Precipitation
     Most important factor of runoff.
     More rainfall, more runoff.
    Affecting
    a. Duration- Total runoff depends on the duration of rainstorm. For a
    given rainfall intensity and other conditions, a longer duration
    Factors

    rainfall event will result in more runoff.


    b. Intensity- Rainfall intensity influences both rate and volume of
    runoff
    runoff. The runoff volume and also runoff rate will be greater for an
    intense rainfall event than for less intense event.
    c. Areal Distribution- It also influences both the rate and volume of
    runoff. Generally, the maximum rate and volume of runoff occurs
    when the entire watershed contributes .
    Shape and Size of the
    Catchment
    More the area, more will
    be the runoff.
    Affecting
    Factors

    runoff
    • All tributaries are approximately the same size.
    • Gives greater runoff.
    • The tributaries are generally of different lengths and
    meet the mainstream at irregular intervals.
    • The peak flood intensity is reduced.
    topography
    If slope is steep, flow will be quick and
    less evaporation and absorption,
    resulting greater runoff.
    Affecting
    If the catchment is in mountainous, the
    Factors

    rainfall intensity will be high and hence


    runoff
    runoff will be more.
    Geologic Characteristics
    Geologic characteristics include
    surface and sub-surface soil type, rocks
    and their permeability.
    Affecting
     If soil and subsoil is porous, seepage will be
    Factors

    more resulting reduction of the peak flood.


    runoff

     If the surface is rocky, absorption will be nil


    resulting more runoff.

     If rocks have fissures, have lava funnels water


    will be lost resulting less runoff.
    Meteorological Characteristics
    Major meteorological factors:
     Temperature
     Wind Speed
    Affecting
     Humidity
    Factors

    runoff
    Storage Characteristics of a
    Catchment
    Presence of artificial storage such as dams,
    weirs etc. and natural storage such as lakes
    and ponds etc. tend to reduce the peak
    flow. These structures also give rise to greater
    Affecting
    evaporation.

    Factors

    runoff
    Storage Characteristics of a
    Catchment
    Presence of artificial storage such as dams,
    weirs etc. and natural storage such as lakes
    and ponds etc. tend to reduce the peak
    flow. These structures also give rise to greater
    Affecting
    evaporation.

    Factors

    runoff
    THANK
    YOU!

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