The Genital System (Reproductive) Male Genital Organs Female Genital Organs

Chapter 5 The Genital System
male genital organs

The genital system
(reproductive)
female genital organs
Function ： breeding descendent
secreting hormones
Section 1 The Male Genital Organs
gonad---- the testes
conveying ducts
internal ---- epididymis
genital ductus deferens
organs ejaculatory ducts
The male urethra
genital accessory glands
organs ---- seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
external ---- scrotums

genital
organs penis
I. The Internal Genital Organs
I) The Testes
The testes are the gonads of the male. They are
suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord.
Each testis has the
superior and inferior
extremities, the lateral
and medial surfaces,
and the anterior and
posterior borders.
the tunica albuginea the mediastinum testis
the septula testis a series of lobules of testis
The convoluted seminiferous tubules （ produce t
he sperms ）￫ the straight seminiferous tubules
￫ the rete testis ￫ the efferent ductules of testis
（ 12~15 ）￫ the epididymis.
The cells between the convoluted seminiferous
tubules ， the interstitial cells ， can produce the
male hormone------testosterone.
In the early fetal life, the
testes are contained in the a
bdominal cavity behind the
peritoneum. About 2 mont
hs prior to the birth they de
scend into the scrotum thro
ugh the inguinal canal.
The cryptorchidism
II) The Epididymis
It is a comma-shaped and attaches to the superior e
xtremity and the posterolateral surface of the testis. It
can be divided into the head, the body and the tail.
Functionally, the epididymis is the principal stori
ng-house for sperms. It also adds an essential secret
ion to the seminal fluid in which the sperms are dev
eloped and activated.
III) The Ductus Deferens
It is the continuation of the duct of epididymis. Acc
ording to its course, it is divided into four parts:
1. The testicular part (the shortest part)
2. The funicular (spermatic) part
(superficial, the vasectomy is
performed at here)
3. The inguinal part
4. The pelvic part (the Longest
part)
The dilated terminal portion of the ductus def
erens is called the ampulla ductus deferentis desc
ending behind the fundus of the bladder. Its end
is thin and joins the excretory duct of seminal ve
sicle to form the ejaculatory duct.
The Spermatic Cord
When the testis descends through the abdominal w
all into the scrotum, it carries its vessels, nerves and
ductus deferens to form the spermatic cord. It extend
s from superior extremity of the testis to the deep ing
uinal ring.
The main structures of spermatic cord are the d
uctus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plex
us of vein, nervous plexus, lymphatic vessels and t
he vestige of vaginal process. They are enclosed in
three tunics derived from the anterior abdominal
wall.
IV) The Ejaculatory Duct
It is formed by the union of the terminal part of the
ductus deferens and the excretory duct of seminal vesic
le. It commences at the base of prostate, open into the p
rostatic portion of the urethra.
V) The Seminal Vesicles
They are two oval saccula

ted organs. Each seminal ve
sicle is composed of coiled b
lind duct.
Its excretory duct is thin
and joins the corresponding
ductus deferens to form the The secretion of the seminal
ejaculatory duct. vesicles is a component of
seminal fluid.
VI) The Prostate
It is a single, firm gland c

onsisting of muscular and gl
andular tissues. Its secretion
, the important component o
f the seminal fluid, is convey
ed into the prostatic portion
of urethra through 16~32 ex
cretory ducts.
The prostate lies in the lesser pelvic cavity,
below the urinary bladder and around the
superior part of the urethra.
The apex ; The base
The urethra passes through the prostate.
The anterior surface
The posterior surface ---- prost
atic sulcus
This sulcus, ampulla ductus
deferentis and seminal vesicles
can be touched through the ant
erior wall of the rectum in the l
iving body.
The prostate may be divided into five
lobes: anterior, median (isthmus of prostate),
posterior and two lateral lobes.
VII) The Bulbourethra1 Glands (of Cowper)
They are about the size of pea, one on each side of
the membranous part of urethra. Their excretory
ducts open into the upper part of the spongy part of
urethra.
The seminal fluid
The seminal fluid is the mixture of the

sperms and secretion of accessory glands. It is
white milk like fluid, with weak alkalinity. In
every ejaculation about 2~5ml of seminal fluid
is expelled, which contains 300~500 million of
sperms per milliliter.
II. The External Genital Organs
I) The Scrotum
It is a pendulous pouch of skin and superficial fasc
ia evaginated from the lower part of the abdominal w
all.
the dartos ; the septum of scrotum
Beneath the dartos there are three layers of tuni
cs to enclose the testis and spermatic cord.
II) The Penis
It is the male organ of copulation and urination. It
comprises a root, a body, a neck and a head.
the glans penis
the prepuce
the orifice of prepuce
The prepuce in the child is longer than that in the
adult.
The frenulum of prepuce
Clinical deseases: redundant prepuce ; phimosis
prophylactic circumcision,
The penis is composed of three cavernous bodies.
The two dorsally cavernous body of penis and the
single smaller ventral cavernous body of urethra,
contains the spongy part of the urethra.
the glans penis;
the bulb of urethra

(penis)
These three cavernous bodies can become turgid
with blood when the sexual excitement. The penis
thus becomes stiff and erect, the blood being held in
the erectile tissues by compression of deep veins.
After ejaculation or as sexual excitement subside,
the penis becomes flaccid again.
Each erectile mass is enclosed with the albugine
ous coat. The superficial, deep fascia of penis and
skin cover the three erectile masses all together.
III) The Male Urethra
It extends from the internal orifice of urethra in th
e urinary bladder to external orifice at the end of the
penis. It is 17~20cm long and may be divided into thr
ee parts:
1.The prostatic part: urethral crest,
the opening of ejaculatory duct
and the prostatic ductules.
2.The membranous part
It is the shortest, narrowest part of the urethra
. It is within the urogenital diaphragm, and surro
unded by the sphincter of urethra.
3.The cavernous (spongy) part
It is contained in the cavernous body of urethra,
In this part there are two dilated places, the bulbou
s portion of urethra and the navicullar fossa.
The male urethra presents
three strictures, three
dilations, two curvatures.
The three strictures are
situated in, the internal
urethral orifice, the
membranous portion and
the external orifice of
urethra.
Three dilations are situated in t
he prostatic part, the bulbous por
tion of urethra, the navicullar fos
sa. When the penis is flaccid, the
urethra has two curvatures, the s
ubpubic curvature and the prepu
bic curvature.
Summarize:
The sperms are produced by the testes, then
through the epididymis the ductus deferens
the ejaculatory duct the urethra
out of the body

Review
1. What is the composition of the male genital organs?
2. What is the conveying course of the sperms when th
ey produced by the testes?
3. How many parts is the ductus deferens divided into?
What are they? Please write down the place where t
he vasectomy is performed.
4. Please write down the position of the prostate.
5. Please write down the composition of the spermatic
cord.
6. What are three parts, three strictures, three dilation
s, two curvatures of the male urethra?

The Genital System (Reproductive) Male Genital Organs Female Genital Organs

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Chapter 5 The Genital System

male genital organs

external ---- scrotums

They are two oval saccula

It is a single, firm gland c

The seminal fluid is the mixture of the

the glans penis;

the bulb of urethra

through the epididymis the ductus deferens

the ejaculatory duct the urethra

out of the body

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