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    Infra Red 1

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    Sukumar Pani
    Infrared spectroscopy involves using infrared light to analyze chemical bonding and structure. The infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum is divided into three regions - near, mid, and far infrared. Molecules absorb specific wavelengths of infrared light depending on the vibrational and rotational modes of their bonds. An infrared spectrum shows the infrared light absorbed by a sample as peaks corresponding to the frequencies of vibrations between the bonds of the molecules. Infrared spectroscopy can be used to determine the components and quantities of an unknown sample.

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    Infra Red 1

    Uploaded by

    Sukumar Pani
    15 views18 pages
    Infrared spectroscopy involves using infrared light to analyze chemical bonding and structure. The infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum is divided into three regions - near, mid, and far infrared. Molecules absorb specific wavelengths of infrared light depending on the vibrational and rotational modes of their bonds. An infrared spectrum shows the infrared light absorbed by a sample as peaks corresponding to the frequencies of vibrations between the bonds of the molecules. Infrared spectroscopy can be used to determine the components and quantities of an unknown sample.

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    Infrared spectroscopy involves using infrared light to analyze chemical bonding and structure. The infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum is divided into three regions - near, mid, and far infrared. Molecules absorb specific wavelengths of infrared light depending on the vibrational and rotational modes of their bonds. An infrared spectrum shows the infrared light absorbed by a sample as peaks corresponding to the frequencies of vibrations between the bonds of the molecules. Infrared spectroscopy can be used to determine the components and quantities of an unknown sample.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    15 views18 pages

    Infra Red 1

    Uploaded by

    Sukumar Pani
    Infrared spectroscopy involves using infrared light to analyze chemical bonding and structure. The infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum is divided into three regions - near, mid, and far infrared. Molecules absorb specific wavelengths of infrared light depending on the vibrational and rotational modes of their bonds. An infrared spectrum shows the infrared light absorbed by a sample as peaks corresponding to the frequencies of vibrations between the bonds of the molecules. Infrared spectroscopy can be used to determine the components and quantities of an unknown sample.

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    of 18

    INFRA RED ABSORPTION

    SPECTROSCOPY
    Kateřina Hynštová
    Principle of IR
     In the context of infra red spectroscopy the term
    "infra red" covers the range of the
    electromagnetic spectrum between 0.78 and
    1000 mm.
    Wavenumbers
     wavelength is measured in
    "wavenumbers„
     wavenumber = 1 / wavelength
     in centimetersIt is useful to divide the infra
    red region into three sections; near, mid
    and far infra red;
    Regions of wavelength range
     Wavenumber range (cm-1)
     Near0.78 - 2.51 2800 – 4000
     Middle2.5 – 504000- 200
     Far50 -1000200 - 10
     The most useful I.R. region lies between
    4000 - 670cm-1.
    Theory of infra red absorption
     IR radiation does not have enough energy to
    induce electronic transitions as seen with UV.
     Absorption of IR is restricted to compounds with
    small energy differences in the possible
    vibrational and rotational states.
     For a molecule to absorb IR, the vibrations or
    rotations within a molecule must cause a net
    change in the dipole moment of the molecule.
    Molecular rotations
     Rotational transitions are of little use to the
    spectroscopist.
     Rotational levels are quantized, and
    absorption of IR by gases yields line
    spectra.
     However, in liquids or solids, these lines
    broaden into a continuum due to molecular
    collisions and other interactions.
    Molecular vibrations
     The positions of atoms in a molecules are not
    fixed; they are subject to a number of different
    vibrations.
    Spectra
     The twodimensional plot
     The dependece of transmitance on
    wavenumber
     Each compound has its own specific
    spectra
    Examples of spectra
    Examples of spectra
    Percentage transmittance
     A percentage transmittance of 100 would mean
    that all of that frequency passed straight through
    the compound without any being absorbed.
     In practice, that never happens - there is always
    some small loss, giving a transmittance of
    perhaps 95% as the best you can achieve.
     A transmittance of only 5% would mean that
    nearly all of that particular frequency is absorbed
    by the compound. A very high absorption of this
    sort tells you important things about the bonds in
    the compound.
    Scheme of spectrometer
    Methods

     KBr
     ATR
     Transmission
     RAIS
    Reflection Adsorbtion Infrared
    Spectroscopy
     Reflection Adsorption
    Infrared Spectroscopy
    (RAIRS) offers a means
    of probing vibrations at
    surfaces with high
    resolution and, with its
    ease of implementation
    and strict selection rules,
    is a convenient technique
    for verifying molecular
    integrity and orientation at
    metal surfaces.
    Conditions of work
     Rigorous
     Base line
     Moisture
     CO2
    Conclusions
     IR identifies the components of a sample (liquid, solid or gas).
     Infrared (IR) spectrometers measure the interaction of IR radiation
    with samples. The FTIR spectrometer measures the frequencies at
    which the samples absorb the radiation, and the intensities of the
    absorptions.
     Intensity and frequency of samples absorption are depicted in a two-
    dimensional plot called a spectrum. Intensity is generally reported in
    terms of absorbance - the amount of light absorbed by a sample, or
    percent transmittance – i.e. the amount of light, which passes
    through it.
     What makes up an unknown sample, and how much of each
    component is present in that sample, can be valuable information
    supplied by this technique. Its many applications include research
    and development of new products.
    Sources of informationes
     http://www.cem.msu.edu/
    ~parrill/AIRS/
     http://www.wpi.edu/Acade
    mics/Depts/Chemistry/Co
    urses/CH2670/infrared.ht
    ml
     http://www.chem.ucla.edu
    /~webspectra/irintro.html
     http://www.spectro.com/p
    ages/e/index.ht

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