Muscle Physiology - 1
Muscle Physiology - 1
Muscle Physiology - 1
Lecture Outline
• Muscle Function
• Muscle Characteristics
• Muscle Tissue Types
• Skeletal Muscle
– General Functions of Skeletal Muscle
– Functional Anatomy
– Physiology
– Skeletal Muscle Types
– Energetics
– Adaptive Responses
• Cardiac Muscle Physiology
• Smooth Muscle Physiology
Muscle Function
• Movement
– Depends on type of muscle tissue
– Depends on location of muscle tissue
• Thermogenesis
• Protection
• Posture Maintenance
• Joint Stabilization
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
All muscle tissues share basic characteristics
1.Excitability
2.Contractility
3.Elasticity
4.Extensibility
Muscle Tissue Types
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Muscle Comparison Chart
Muscle Special
Tissue Cell Shape Striae Nucleus Control structures
Multi-
Skeletal Cylindrical Yes nucleate & Voluntary none
peripheral
May be
Uninucleate
Smooth Fusiform No Involuntary single-unit
& central
or multi-unit
Skeletal Muscle
General Functions - Voluntary
• Movement
– Only have contractility in one direction
• Requires multiple muscles
to create movements from
the simple
– flexion and extension
• To the complex
– Circumduction
• Protection
– of underlying structures
• abdominal viscera
– Stronger muscles =
greater protection,
increased joint stability
Skeletal Muscle
General Functions - Involuntary
• Maintenance of Posture
– Involves stretch reflexes
• Static reflexes
– Long term sustained contractile events
• Phasic reflexes
– Dynamic and short term corrective responses
• Regulated by gamma neurons which adjust
tension in the muscle spindles
Skeletal Muscle
Functional Anatomy
Skeletal Muscle
Functional Anatomy
Skeletal Muscle
Functional Anatomy
Skeletal Muscle
Functional Anatomy
• Titin
– largest known elastomeric protein
– Connects myosin to z-disc
– thought to be critical in the development of
sarcomeres
Skeletal Muscle
Functional Anatomy
• Myosin molecule
consists of tail, hinge
and heads
– Heads contain active
sites for
• Actin
• ATP
• M-line consists of
myomesin and skelemin
proteins
– stabilize the myosin
filaments
– theorized to aid in
transmission of force
from sarcomere to
cytoskeletal intermediate
filaments
Skeletal Muscle
Functional Anatomy
• The Z-disc
– Anchors the
filaments
and interacts
with
cytoskeletal
framework
Skeletal Muscle
Functional Anatomy
Muscular Dystrophy?
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
3. Contraction-Relaxation Cycle
a. Myosin upon attaching to actin is hydrolized
(phosphate coming from the splitting of ATP by
Myosin ATPase)
b. This changes the conformation of myosin causing it
to bend at the neck towards the m-line
c. ADP is released by the conformational change
during the “power stroke”
d. ATP binding site is now available for another ATP
(along with magnesium Mg2+)
e. Splitting of ATP to ADP + P by myosin detaches
and returns myosin to its active state
f. This single event creates a twitch
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction
Skeletal Muscle
Physiology of Contraction