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    Airplanes: GP Capt T Mohanraj

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    mohanraj
    Airplanes generate lift to support themselves through the interaction of air flowing over and under their wings. As air flows faster over the top of the wing and slower under it, lower pressure develops above the wing and higher pressure below, resulting in an upward force. Jet engines intake air and increase its speed through compression and combustion before expelling it out the back at high speed, providing thrust. As a jet airplane flies at 600 mph, the air entering the jet engine intake duct would be traveling much faster than 600 mph due to the additional speed imparted by the engine compressor.

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    Airplanes: GP Capt T Mohanraj

    Uploaded by

    mohanraj
    24 views16 pages
    Airplanes generate lift to support themselves through the interaction of air flowing over and under their wings. As air flows faster over the top of the wing and slower under it, lower pressure develops above the wing and higher pressure below, resulting in an upward force. Jet engines intake air and increase its speed through compression and combustion before expelling it out the back at high speed, providing thrust. As a jet airplane flies at 600 mph, the air entering the jet engine intake duct would be traveling much faster than 600 mph due to the additional speed imparted by the engine compressor.

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    ppt on airplane

    Original Title

    Airplane

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    Airplanes generate lift to support themselves through the interaction of air flowing over and under their wings. As air flows faster over the top of the wing and slower under it, lower pressure develops above the wing and higher pressure below, resulting in an upward force. Jet engines intake air and increase its speed through compression and combustion before expelling it out the back at high speed, providing thrust. As a jet airplane flies at 600 mph, the air entering the jet engine intake duct would be traveling much faster than 600 mph due to the additional speed imparted by the engine compressor.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    24 views16 pages

    Airplanes: GP Capt T Mohanraj

    Uploaded by

    mohanraj
    Airplanes generate lift to support themselves through the interaction of air flowing over and under their wings. As air flows faster over the top of the wing and slower under it, lower pressure develops above the wing and higher pressure below, resulting in an upward force. Jet engines intake air and increase its speed through compression and combustion before expelling it out the back at high speed, providing thrust. As a jet airplane flies at 600 mph, the air entering the jet engine intake duct would be traveling much faster than 600 mph due to the additional speed imparted by the engine compressor.

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    AIRPLANES

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    QUESTION

    AS YOU RIDE IN A JET AIRPLANE, THE CLOUDS ARE


    PASSING YOU AT 600 MPH. THE AIR JUST IN FRONT
    OF ONE OF THE HUGE JET ENGINE INTAKE DUCTS
    IS TRAVELING
    •MUCH FASTER THAN 600 MPH.
    •MUCH SLOWER THAN 600 MPH.
    •ABOUT 600 MPH.

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    OBSERVATIONS ABOUT AIRPLANES

    •THEY SUPPORT THEMSELVES IN THE AIR


    •THEY SEEM TO FOLLOW THEIR TILT, UP OR DOWN
    •THEY NEED AIRSPEED TO FLY
    •THEY CAN RISE ONLY SO QUICKLY
    •THEIR WINGS OFTEN CHANGE SHAPE IN FLIGHT
    •THEY HAVE VARIOUS PROPULSION SYSTEMS

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    LIFTING WING

    • UNDER THE WING,


    –AIR BENDS AWAY FROM WING
    –PRESSURE RISES, SPEED DROPS
    • OVER THE WING,
    –AIR BENDS TOWARD WING
    –PRESSURE DROPS, SPEED RISES
    • WING EXPERIENCES STRONG
    UPWARD LIFT, LITTLE DRAG
    • WING PUSHES AIR DOWN, AIR PUSHES WING UP!
    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    AT TAKE-OFF

    • WING STARTS WITH


    SYMMETRIC AIRFLOW
    • WING STARTS WITH NO LIFT
    • AIRFLOW BECOMES UNSTABLE
    AT THE TRAILING EDGE BEND
    • THE WING SHEDS A VORTEX
    • AFTER THE VORTEX LEAVES, THE WING HAS LIFT

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    ANGLE OF ATTACK

    • A WING’S LIFT DEPENDS ON


    –SHAPE OF THE AIRFOIL
    –ANGLE OF ATTACK
    • SINCE WING IS ATTACHED TO PLANE BODY, THE
    WHOLE PLANE TILTS TO CHANGE ANGLE OF ATTACK
    •TOO LARGE AN ANGLE OF ATTACK CAUSES THE
    WING TO “STALL” – AIRFLOW SEPARATION

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    STALLED WING

    •UPPER BOUNDARY LAYER


    STOPS HEADING FORWARD
    •UPPER AIRSTREAM DETACHES
    FROM WING’S TOP SURFACE
    •LIFT IS REDUCED
    •PRESSURE DRAG APPEARS
    •WING CAN’T SUPPORT PLANE

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    WING SHAPE

    •ASYMMETRIC AIRFOILS PRODUCE LARGE LIFTS


    –WELL SUITED TO LOW-SPEED FLIGHT
    •SYMMETRIC AIRFOILS PRODUCE SMALL LIFTS
    –WELL SUITED TO HIGH-SPEED FLIGHT
    –CAN FLY INVERTED EASILY
    •HIGH-SPEED PLANES OFTEN
    CHANGE WING SHAPE IN FLIGHT

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    ORIENTATION CONTROL

    •THREE ORIENTATION CONTROLS:


    –ANGLE OF ATTACK CONTROLLED BY ELEVATORS
    –LEFT-RIGHT TILT CONTROLLED BY AILERONS
    –LEFT-RIGHT ROTATION CONTROLLED BY RUDDER
    •STEERING INVOLVES AILERONS AND RUDDER
    •ELEVATION INVOLVES ELEVATORS AND ENGINE

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    PROPELLERS

    •PROPELLERS ARE SPINNING WINGS


    –THEY DEFLECT AIR BACKWARD
    –DO WORK ON AIR (ADD ENERGY)
    –PUMP AIR TOWARD REAR OF PLANE
    •ACTION-REACTION
    –THEY PUSH THE AIR BACKWARD
    –AIR PUSHES THEM FORWARD

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    JET ENGINES, PART 1

    •JET ENGINES PUMP AIR TOWARD REAR OF PLANE


    –ENGINE CONSISTS OF AN OVAL “BALL” WITH A
    COMPLICATED DUCT OR PASSAGEWAY THROUGH
    IT
    –AIR INSIDE THE DUCT EXCHANGES PRESSURE
    AND
    SPEED REPEATEDLY
    –ENGINE ADDS
    ENERGY TO AIR
    INSIDE THE DUCT
    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    JET ENGINES, PART 2

    •AIR ENTERING DIFFUSER SLOWS AND PRESSURE


    RISES
    •COMPRESSOR DOES WORK ON AIR
    •FUEL IS ADDED TO AIR AND THAT MIXTURE IS
    BURNED
    •EXPANDING EXHAUST GAS DOES WORK ON
    TURBINE
    •AS EXHAUST LEAVES
    NOZZLE IT SPEEDS UP
    AND PRESSURE DROPS
    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    JET ENGINES, PART 3

    •TURBOJET MOVES TOO LITTLE AIR AND CHANGES


    THAT AIR’S SPEED TOO MUCH
    •TOO MUCH ENERGY
    •TOO LITTLE MOMENTUM
    •TURBOFAN MOVES
    MORE AIR AND GIVES IT
    LESS ENERGY

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    QUESTION

    AS YOU RIDE IN A JET AIRPLANE, THE CLOUDS ARE


    PASSING YOU AT 600 MPH. THE AIR JUST IN FRONT
    OF ONE OF THE HUGE JET ENGINE INTAKE DUCTS
    IS TRAVELING
    •MUCH FASTER THAN 600 MPH.
    •MUCH SLOWER THAN 600 MPH.
    •ABOUT 600 MPH.

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    SUMMARY ABOUT AIRPLANES

    •AIRPLANES USE LIFT TO SUPPORT THEMSELVES


    •PROPULSION OVERCOMES INDUCED DRAG
    •SPEED AND ANGLE OF ATTACK AFFECT ALTITUDE
    •EXTREME ANGLE OF ATTACK CAUSES STALLING
    •PROPELLERS DO WORK ON PASSING AIRSTREAM
    •JET ENGINES DO WORK ON SLOWED AIRSTREAM

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ
    QUESTION

    GP CAPT T MOHANRAJ

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