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    Rhizopoda: Parasitology Department Medical Faculty University of Sumatera Utara

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    Angela Fovina
    This document discusses several species of protozoan parasites from the phylum Sarcomastigophora. It provides details on the taxonomy, morphology, life cycles, and epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Acanthamoeba spp., and Iodamoeba butschlii. Key information includes that E. histolytica can cause amoebic dysentery or liver abscesses, E. coli is generally non-pathogenic, Acanthamoeba spp. can cause keratitis or brain infections, and I. butschlii is commonly found in the large intestine of humans and other primates. Diagrams are included

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    Rhizopoda: Parasitology Department Medical Faculty University of Sumatera Utara

    Uploaded by

    Angela Fovina
    189 views32 pages
    This document discusses several species of protozoan parasites from the phylum Sarcomastigophora. It provides details on the taxonomy, morphology, life cycles, and epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Acanthamoeba spp., and Iodamoeba butschlii. Key information includes that E. histolytica can cause amoebic dysentery or liver abscesses, E. coli is generally non-pathogenic, Acanthamoeba spp. can cause keratitis or brain infections, and I. butschlii is commonly found in the large intestine of humans and other primates. Diagrams are included

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    This document discusses several species of protozoan parasites from the phylum Sarcomastigophora. It provides details on the taxonomy, morphology, life cycles, and epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Acanthamoeba spp., and Iodamoeba butschlii. Key information includes that E. histolytica can cause amoebic dysentery or liver abscesses, E. coli is generally non-pathogenic, Acanthamoeba spp. can cause keratitis or brain infections, and I. butschlii is commonly found in the large intestine of humans and other primates. Diagrams are included

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    189 views32 pages

    Rhizopoda: Parasitology Department Medical Faculty University of Sumatera Utara

    Uploaded by

    Angela Fovina
    This document discusses several species of protozoan parasites from the phylum Sarcomastigophora. It provides details on the taxonomy, morphology, life cycles, and epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Acanthamoeba spp., and Iodamoeba butschlii. Key information includes that E. histolytica can cause amoebic dysentery or liver abscesses, E. coli is generally non-pathogenic, Acanthamoeba spp. can cause keratitis or brain infections, and I. butschlii is commonly found in the large intestine of humans and other primates. Diagrams are included

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Rhizopoda

    Parasitology Department
    Medical Faculty
    University of Sumatera Utara
    Entamoeba histolytica
    • Phylum : Sarcomastigophora
    • Class : Lobosea
    • Order : Amoebida
    • Family : Endamoebidae
    • Genus : Entamoeba
    • Species : histolytica
    Entamoeba histolytica
    • E. histolityca frequently lives as a commensal
    in the lumen of the large intestine without
    causing disease.
    • May invade the colon wall, produce ulceration
    & migrate via the blood stream to the liver,
    where it produces hepatic abcesses.
    • Very rarely infect the : lungs, brain, etc
    DISTRIBUTION
    • E. histolityca is an enteric protozoan parasite
    that infects 500 million people per year
    • Cosmopolitan, temperate and tropical
    climates.
    • More prevalent in tropical areas
    associated with poor economic status,
    poor nutrition, poor hygiene and sanitation
    MORPHOLOGY
    • Several successive stages occur in the lifecycle of
    E. histolityca : trophozoite, precyst metacyst,
    metacystic trophozoites & cyst.
    • Trophozoite :
    - size : 10-60 µm
    - single nucleus, peripheral chromatine, central
    karyosome
    - endoplasm contain food vacuoles, rbc, &
    other phagocytosed elements
    MORPHOLOGY
    • Trophozoite

    Figure 1. Trophozoite E. histolytica4


    MORPHOLOGY
    • Pre cyst
    - shape : ovoid, ussually spheroid
    - size : 10-20 µm
    - RBC : (-)
    MORPHOLOGY
    • Cyst
    - size : 10-20 µm
    - mature cyst has 4
    nuclei, round shape
    - chromatoidal body (+)

    Figure 2. Cyst E. histolytica5


    LIFE CYCLE

    Figure 3. Lifecycle E. histolytica6


    TRANSMISSION
    • Ingestion of the mature cyst
    • Food handler
    • Flies, cockroaches
    • Sexual transmission
    • Reservoir host
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    • All ages are susceptible to infection but the
    rate is lower in infants and young children
    • Cysts are sensitive to dessication and to
    temperatures above 40C or below –5C,
    resistent to chlorine.
    References
    1. Sutanto I, Adjung, SA. Entamoeba histolytica. Dalam : Sutanto I,
    Ismid IS, Sjarifuddin PK, Sungkar S (eds.). Buku Ajar Parasitologi
    Kedokteran. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta:FK-UI;2008.p.107-18
    2. Sandjaja B. Sarcodina. Parasitologi Kedokteran Buku I Protozoologi
    Kedokteran. Ed.1. Jakarta:Prestasi Pustaka. 2007. p. 87-106
    3. Schmidt GD, Robert LS. Foundations of parasitology. 7th ed. New
    York:Mc Graw Hill;2005.p.107-13
    4. Entamoeba histolytica. Available from
    http://www.dhs.state.tx.us/lab/par_parasites.shtm&usg
    (accessed on 21st of July, 2010)
    5. Entamoeba histolytica cyst Available from http://www.asm.org
    (accessed on 26th of August 2010)
    6. Entamoeba histolytica Available from
    http://www.arthusclipart.org (accessed on 21st of July, 2010)
    Entamoeba coli
    • Phylum : Sarcomastigophora
    • Class : Lobosea
    • Order : Amoebida
    • Family : Endamoebidae
    • Genus : Entamoeba
    • Species : coli
    Entamoeba coli
    • The living trophozoite of E. coli as observed in
    diarrheic or dysenteric stools
    • Transmitted in its viable cystic stage through
    fecal contamination
    • E. coli as a lumen parasite is non pathogenic
    MORPHOLOGY
    • Trophozoite
    - Size : 15-50 µm
    - Endoplasm : food vacuoles (+)
    - Nuclei : karyosome eccentrically
    • Cyst
    - Size : 10-35 µm
    - Nuclei : 2-8
    - Chromatoid body (+)
    MORPHOLOGY

    Figure 1. Trophozoite & Cyst E. coli4


    REFERENCES
    1. Schmidt GD, Robert LS. Foundations of parasitology.
    7th ed. New York:Mc Graw Hill;2005.p.113-14
    2. Adjung SA, Manan WS. Entamoeba coli. Dalam :
    Sutanto I, Ismid IS, Sjarifuddin PK, Sungkar S (eds.).
    Buku Ajar Parasitologi Kedokteran. Edisi ke-4.
    Jakarta:FK-UI;2008.p.119
    3. Sandjaja B. Sarcodina. Parasitologi Kedokteran Buku I
    Protozoologi Kedokteran. Ed.1. Jakarta:Prestasi
    Pustaka. 2007. p. 87-106
    4. Entamoeba coli. Available from
    http://img.tamtay.vn/filesfoto2/2009 (accessed on
    21st of July, 2010)
    Acanthamoeba spp.
    • Sub phylum : Sarcodina
    • Class : Lobosea
    • Order : Amoebida
    • Family : Acanthamoebidae
    • Genus : Acanthamoeba
    Acanthamoeba spp.
    • Free living amoeba widely distributed in
    nature
    • Facultative parasite of man and animal
    • Recent increase in the number of cases of CNS
    infection as well as cases of keratitis
    • The lifecycle stages are the trophozoite form &
    cyst, no flagellate form
    MORPHOLOGY
    • Trophozoite • Cyst
    - Size : ± 10-45 µm - Shape : angular,
    - Acanthopodia (+) wrinkled, starlike
    - Single nucleus - Size : ± 20 µm
    - Large karyosome - Thick double wall
    MORPHOLOGY
    MORPHOLOGY
    LIFE CYCLE
    Risk factors
    • Contact lens wear esp extended wear
    • Trauma to the eye
    • Use of home made saline
    • Use of tap water to rinse lens
    • Swimming while wearing CL
    • Poor hygienic care of CL system
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    • 200 cases of CNS infections due to these
    amebas have occurred world-wide.
    • They have been isolated from a variety of
    habitats including fresh water, thermal
    discharges of power plants, soil, sewage and
    also from the nose and throats of patients
    with respiratory illness as well as healthy
    persons.
    • Cysts are resistant to chlorine
    REFERENCES
    1. Schmidt GD, Robert LS. Foundations of parasitology. 7th ed. New
    York:Mc Graw Hill;2005.p.118-19
    2. Ahmad MF, Gandahusada S. Ameba hidup bebas. Dalam : Sutanto
    I, Ismid IS, Sjarifuddin PK, Sungkar S (eds.). Buku Ajar Parasitologi
    Kedokteran. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta:FK-UI;2008.p.126-27
    3. Sandjaja B. Sarcodina. Parasitologi Kedokteran Buku I Protozoologi
    Kedokteran. Ed.1. Jakarta:Prestasi Pustaka. 2007. p. 111-13
    4. Acanthamoeba sp. Available from
    http://images.loverhythm.multiply.com/image (accessed on 21st
    of July, 2010)
    5. Trophozoit Acanthamoeba sp. Available from http://atlas.or.kr
    (accessed on 26t hof July, 2010)
    Iodamoeba butschlii
    • Phylum : Sarcodina
    • Class : Lobosea
    • Order : Amoebida
    • Family : Entamoebida
    • Genus : Iodamoeba
    • Species : butschlii
    Iodamoeba butschlii
    • The genus Iodamoeba has only 1 species
    • Its distribution is worldwide
    • The prevalence of I. butschlii in humans is
    tipically 4%-8%
    • Reservoir hosts : pig, primates
    • I. butschlii lives in the large intestine, mainly in
    the cecal area
    • It feeds on the intestinal flora
    MORPHOLOGY
    • Trophozoite • Cyst
    - Size : 6-25 µm - Size : 6-15 µm
    - Blunt pseudopodia - Glycogen masse
    - Large nucleus - Large eccentric
    karyosome
    MORPHOLOGY
    REFERENCES
    • Taxonomy Iodamoeba butschlii Available from
    http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN
    &search_value=43902 (accessed on 21st of July, 2010)
    • Astuti H. Iodamoeba butschlii. Dalam : Sutanto I, Ismid IS,
    Sjarifuddin PK, Sungkar S (eds.). Buku Ajar Parasitologi Kedokteran.
    Edisi ke-4. Jakarta:FK-UI;2008.p.121-22
    • Sandjaja B. Sarcodina. Parasitologi Kedokteran Buku I Protozoologi
    Kedokteran. Ed.1. Jakarta:Prestasi Pustaka. 2007. p. 93-97
    • Schmidt GD, Robert LS. Foundations of parasitology. 7th ed. New
    York:Mc Graw Hill;2005.p.115-16
    • Iodamoeba butschlii Available from
    http://www.parasitologie.nl./asset/image (accessed on 21st of July,
    2010)

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