What Is The Difference Between PRIME COAT and TACK COAT?

(1) What is the difference between PRIME COAT and TACK COAT?
In terms of application
Prime coat is applied on a granular base. Tack coat is applied between bituminous
layers.
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In terms of type of bitumen used
Prime coat uses Slow Setting (SS) Tack coat uses Rapid Setting (RS)
bitumen emulsion allows bitumen bitumen emulsion allows for the
emulsions to penetrate into the first quick application and laying of the
few centimeters of the granular base, wearing course on top of the binder
hence creating better bonding of the course.
asphalt and granular layers.
In terms of functions
Prime coat helps to: Tack coat helps to:

- Fill the surface voids and protect the - promote bonding between the
subbase from weather asphalt pavement lifts
- Stabilize the fines and preserve - add strength as the two layers will
subbase materials behave as a single unit after bonding
- Promote bonding between the
granular and asphalt layers
2
(2) What is a COMPACTION TEST?
COMPACTION TEST is carried out on subgrade soils and roadbase

aggregates to determine the optimum water content and maximum dry
density for the purpose of adequate compaction at the site.
Dry density
Max. dry
density
Water
Optimum content
water content 3
Compaction will result in:
higher strength, reduced settlement and reduced permeability.
The effect of compaction energy is shown below:
Dry density
50 blows
20 blows
Water
content
4
(3) What is a CBR TEST?
CBR Test is carried out to determine the

resistance of the subgrade/crushed aggregates
to deformation under the load from vehicle
wheels.
The stronger the material (the higher the CBR

reading ) the less thick it is necessary to design
and construct the road pavement, this gives a
considerable cost saving.
Conversely if CBR testing indicates the material

is weak (a low CBR reading) we must construct
a suitable thicker road pavement to spread the
wheel load over a greater area of the weak
material. Alternatively, material improvements
such as chemical stabilization (use of lime,
cement and fly ash) may also be conducted.
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Load (kN)
2.5 mm 5.0 mm Penetration

(mm)
@ 2.5 mm CBR = y 100%

13.2 Choose the higher value as
the CBR for the material.
@ 5.0 mm CBR = z 100%
20.0
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Dry density, gd Dry density, gd
gd max x
x 0.95gd max
0.95gd max x x x
x
x
x
Water content CBR CBR (%)
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(4) VTM, VMA and VFB?
Voids in Total Mix (Air Voids)
The total volume of the small pockets of air between the coated
aggregate particles throughout a compacted paving mixture.
Must be kept between 3% - 5%.
Low air voids content will cause the mixture to be unstable.
High air voids content will result in a water-permeable mixture.
Voids in Mineral Aggregate

The volume of intergranular void space between the aggregate particles of a
compacted paving mixture that includes the air voids and the effective
asphalt content.
When VMA is too low, there is not enough room to add sufficient asphalt to
adequately coat the aggregates.
Excessive VMA will reduce the stability of the mixture.

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Voids in aggregate Filled with Bitumen
The portion of the voids in the mineral aggregate that contain asphalt binder.
This represents the volume of the effective asphalt content.
It can also be described as the percent of the volume of the VMA that is filled
with asphalt cement.
VFB is inversely related to air voids: as air voids decrease, the VFB
increases.
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(5) AASHTO FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1. TIME CONSTRAINTS
Performance period the period of time the pavement will last
before it needs rehabilitation.
Analysis period the period of time for which the analysis is to be
conducted. It is also similar to the term design life.
Pavement Serviceability
Pavement Serviceability
Rehabilitation
took place
10 Years 5 10 10
Years
2. TRAFFIC
The design procedure is based on the cumulative expected load
applications during the analysis period.
Adopted the 80kN single-axle load as standard, and developed a
series of equivalent factors for each axle weight group.
3. RELIABILITY
The reliability design factor accounts for change variations in both
traffic prediction and the performance prediction.
Therefore, it provides a predetermined level of assurance (R) that
pavement sections will survive the period for which they were
designed.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT
The long term effects of temperature, moisture and material aging on
pavement performance could not be directly accounted from the road
test data.
The loss of serviceability over the design period should be estimated
and added to that due to traffic loads.
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What Is The Difference Between PRIME COAT and TACK COAT?

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(1) What is the difference between PRIME COAT and TACK COAT?

Prime coat helps to: Tack coat helps to:

COMPACTION TEST is carried out on subgrade soils and roadbase

The effect of compaction energy is shown below:

CBR Test is carried out to determine the

The stronger the material (the higher the CBR

Conversely if CBR testing indicates the material

2.5 mm 5.0 mm Penetration

@ 2.5 mm CBR = y 100%

Water content CBR CBR (%)

Must be kept between 3% - 5%.

Low air voids content will cause the mixture to be unstable.

High air voids content will result in a water-permeable mixture.

Voids in Mineral Aggregate

Excessive VMA will reduce the stability of the mixture.

This represents the volume of the effective asphalt content.

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