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    Pharmacologic Principles: - Additive Effects

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    Denesha Kaur
    The document defines various pharmacologic principles related to drug interactions and effects in the body. Key terms include: 1) Additive effects which occur when the effect of combining two or more similar drugs is equivalent to the sum of their individual effects. 2) Adverse drug events and reactions, which are any undesirable or unexpected responses to medications. 3) Antagonists which bind to and inhibit receptor activity in the body, opposing the effects of agonists. 4) Drug interactions which can alter the pharmacologic activity of a drug through effects on metabolic enzymes.

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    Pharmacologic Principles: - Additive Effects

    Uploaded by

    Denesha Kaur
    43 views8 pages
    The document defines various pharmacologic principles related to drug interactions and effects in the body. Key terms include: 1) Additive effects which occur when the effect of combining two or more similar drugs is equivalent to the sum of their individual effects. 2) Adverse drug events and reactions, which are any undesirable or unexpected responses to medications. 3) Antagonists which bind to and inhibit receptor activity in the body, opposing the effects of agonists. 4) Drug interactions which can alter the pharmacologic activity of a drug through effects on metabolic enzymes.

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    The document defines various pharmacologic principles related to drug interactions and effects in the body. Key terms include: 1) Additive effects which occur when the effect of combining two or more similar drugs is equivalent to the sum of their individual effects. 2) Adverse drug events and reactions, which are any undesirable or unexpected responses to medications. 3) Antagonists which bind to and inhibit receptor activity in the body, opposing the effects of agonists. 4) Drug interactions which can alter the pharmacologic activity of a drug through effects on metabolic enzymes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    43 views8 pages

    Pharmacologic Principles: - Additive Effects

    Uploaded by

    Denesha Kaur
    The document defines various pharmacologic principles related to drug interactions and effects in the body. Key terms include: 1) Additive effects which occur when the effect of combining two or more similar drugs is equivalent to the sum of their individual effects. 2) Adverse drug events and reactions, which are any undesirable or unexpected responses to medications. 3) Antagonists which bind to and inhibit receptor activity in the body, opposing the effects of agonists. 4) Drug interactions which can alter the pharmacologic activity of a drug through effects on metabolic enzymes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Pharmacologic principles

    Additive effects
    Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs
    with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the
    same drugs given alone . For example 1+1=2.
    Adverse drug event
    Any undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a
    prescribed medication.
    Adverse drug reactions
    Any unexpected , unintended , undesired or excessive response to a mediation
    given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose ).
    Adverse effects
    A general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or
    more drugs.
    Agonist
    A drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the
    body.
    Allergic reaction
    An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity
    of a patient to a particular medication ; a type of adverse drug event.
    Antagonist
    A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the
    body . Antagonist are also called as inhibitors.
    Antagonistic effects
    Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs is
    less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone
    (1+1=less than 2 ); it is usually caused by an antagonizing (blocking or reducing )
    effect of one drug on another .
    Bioavailability
    A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route ( from
    0% to 100% ) .
    Biotransformation
    One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug. Biotransformation
    occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or
    active . Also known as metabolism.
    Blood-brain barrier
    The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and
    microscopic entities ( e.g. bacteria, viruses ) between the bloodstream and the
    central nervous system . It still allows for the passage of essential substances
    such as oxygen.
    Chemical name
    The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a
    drug.
    Contraindication
    Any condition , especially one related to a disease state or patient characteristic
    , including current or recent drug therapy , that renders a particular form of
    treatment improper or undesirable.
    Cytochrome P-450
    The general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug
    metabolism and drug interactions.
    Dependence
    A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need , as for a drug.
    Dissolution
    The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the gastrointestinal
    tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation.
    Drug
    Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism.
    Drug actions
    The processes involved in the interaction between a drug and body cells ( e.g.,
    the action of a drug on a receptor protein ) ; also called mechanism of action .
    Drug classification
    A method of grouping drugs ; may be based on structure or therapeutic use.
    Drug effects
    The physiologic reactions of the body to a drug. They can be therapeutic or
    toxic and describe how the body is affected as a whole by the drug. The terms
    onset, peak , and duration are used to describe drug effects ( most often
    referring to therapeutic effects ).
    Drug-induced teratogenesis
    The development of congenital anomalies or defect in the developing fetus
    caused by the toxic effects of drugs.
    Drug interaction
    Alteration in the pharmacologic or pharmacokinetic activity of a given drug
    caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs ; it is usually related to
    effects on the enzymes required for metabolism of the involved drugs.
    Duration of action
    The length of time concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to
    elicit a response.
    Enzymes
    Protein molecules that catalyse one or more of a variety of biochemical
    reactions, including those related to the bodys physiologic processes as well as
    those related to drug metabolism.
    First-pass effect
    The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal
    tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
    Generic name
    The name given to a drug by the United States Adopted Names Council. Also
    called the non-proprietary name. The generic name is much shorter and simpler
    than the chemical name and is not protected by trademark.
    Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) defiency
    A heredity condition in which red blood cells break down when the body is
    exposed to certain drug.

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