Basic Computer

Concepts

PLASABAS, ROCHELLANE R.

STEM-A
PONTILLAS, JHERSLY KAYE
1) Set of programs that makes the hardware perform
a set of tasks in particular order.

A Graphics Software
B Operating System Software

C Computer Software

D Integrated Software
 2) How many bytes does a terabyte have?

A 1 000 bytes
B 1 Million bytes

C 1 Billion bytes

D 1 Trillion bytes
3) A basic part of computer which is the machine itself
and its connected devices and basically anything that
you can touch with your fingers.

A Application Software
B Supercomputers

C Hardware

D Software
4) Which is not an example of a computer software?

A Microsoft Word
B Printer

C Photoshop

D Mac IOS
 5) A type of computer used to process very large amounts of
information including processing information to predict hurricanes,
satellite images and navigation, and process military war
scenarios.

A Supercomputer
B Mainframe Computer

C Mini-computer

D Personal Computer
6) It consists of a group of programs that control the operations of
a computer equipment including functions like managing memory,
managing peripherals, loading, storing, and is an interface
between the application programs and the computer.

A Computer
B System Software

C Application Software

D Hardware
 7) ROM means __________________.

A Random Over Memory

B Reading On Memory

C Read Only Memory

D Random Only Memory

8) A programmable machine designed to perform arithmetic and
logical operations automatically and sequentially on the input
given by the user and gives the desired output after processing.

A Computer
B Printer

C Computer Screen

D Flashdrive
9) Said to be volatile since its contents are accessible only as long
as the computer is on. The contents of _____ are no more
available once the computer is turned off

A Floppy Drive
B Read Only Memory

C Compact Disk

D Random Access Memory

10) A type of memory which can only be read and contents of
which are not lost even when the computer is switched off. It
typically contains manufacturers instructions.

A Floppy Drive
B Read Only Memory

C Compact Disk

D Random Access Memory

11) A machine that can send or receive pictures and text over a
telephone line and can be printed directly.

A Facsimile (FAX)
B Inkjet Printer

C Xerox Machine

D Printer
12) Combines several types of software into one program or
package.

A Education and Reference software

B Entertainment and Leisure Software

C Integrated Software

D Database Software
13) Receives information from the CPU and presents it to the user in
the desired form.

A Input Device

B Motherboard

C Operating Software

D Output Device
 14) Which is not a type of hardware?

A Input Device

B Storage Device

C Google

D Output Device
15) It can read text or illustration printed on paper and translates
the information into a form that computer can use.

A Printer

B Storage Device

C Scanner

D Touchpad
Basic Computer
Concepts
 COMPUTER

A computer is a programmable
machine designed to perform
arithmetic and logical operations
automatically and sequentially
on the input given by the user
and gives the desired output
after processing.
 A computer performs four major operations or functions irrespective of its size and make.

This unit is used for entering data and programs into INPUT
the computer system by the user for processing. UNIT

OUTPUT The output unit is used for storing the result as output
UNIT produced by the computer after processing.

The storage unit is used for storing data and STORAGE

instructions before and after processing. UNIT

PROCESSING The task of performing operations like arithmetic and

logical operations is called processing.
 SUPERCOMPUTERS
Are used to process very large amounts of information including
processing information to predict hurricanes, satellite images and
navigation, and process military war scenarios.

MAINFRAMES
Are used by government and businesses to process
very large amounts of information.
 MINI-COMPUTERS
Are similar to mainframes, they are used by
business and government to process large amounts
of information.

PERSONAL COMPUTERS (PC)

Are smaller and less powerful than the others. They are used
in homes, schools, and small businesses. PCs have three main
types: Desktop, Portable (such as laptop and notebook), and
Hand-held.
 There are two basic parts that make up a computer...
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
Hardware is the machine itself and its connected Software are the set of programs that
devices and is basically anything that you can
touch with your fingers such as system unit, make use of hardware for performing
monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, camera, hard various functions.
drive, pen, trackball, etc.
There are three types/categories of hardware:

1) INPUT DEVICE - any device that provides input to a computer. Here are some examples:
Keyboard- these is known as function keys that vary in number from keyboard to keyboard.
Mouse- a device that controls the cursor or pointer on a display screen.
Touchpad- a device for pointing (controlling input positioning) on a computer display screen.
Scanner- it can read text or illustration printed on paper and translates the information into a form
that computer can use.
Bar code reader- are photoelectric scanners that can read the bar codes or vertical zebra strip
marks, printed on product containers.
2) OUTPUT DEVICE - receives information from the CPU and presents it to the user in the desired
form. The processed data, stored in the memory. Here are some examples:
Monitor- synonymously with computer screen. It is used as a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) to display
information.
Printer- used to produce paper works, handouts, etc. commonly known as hardcopy.
Facsimile (FAX): Facsimile machine that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line.
Speakers- to produce music and sounds.
 Holds data, instructions, and information for future use.

Storage Medium Storage Device

Physical material on which data, Records and retrieves items to and
instructions, and information are from a storage medium
stored
STORAGE DEVICE- Storage devices are both input and output devices in one. A storage device is a place
to keep data that has been processed so that it can be retrieved at a later time to be used again.
Memory- Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM)
Hard Disk- The hard disk and the hard disk drive exist together as a unit and is a permanent part of the
computer where data and programs are saved. These disks have storage capacities ranging from 1GB to 80 GB and
more.

Compact Disk (CD)- portable disk having data storage capacity between 650-700 MB.
Digital Video Disk (DVD) - similar to a CD but has larger storage capacity and enormous clarity.
ROM or Read Only Memory

Special type of memory which can only be read and contents of which are
not lost even when the computer is switched off. It typically contains
manufacturers instructions.
Stores an initial program called the bootstrap loader whose function is to
start the operation of computer system once the power is turned on.
 RAM or Random Access Memory
It is where the operating system, application programs and the data in
current use are kept temporarily so that they can be accessed by the
computers processor.
volatile since its contents are accessible only as long as the computer is on.
The contents of RAM are no more available once the computer is turned off.
 NETWORK

A computer network or data network is a digital telecommunications

network which allows nodes to share resources.
In computer networks, networked computing devices exchange data
with each other using a data link. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Set of programs that makes the hardware perform a set of tasks

in particular order. Hardware and software are complimentary to
each other. Both have to work together to produce meaningful
results.
 Operating System Software
Application Software
OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE
System software consists of a group of programs that control the operations
of a computer equipment including functions like managing memory, managing
peripherals, loading, storing, and is an interface between the application
programs and the computer.

Examples would be:

Microsofts Disk Operating System (DOS), Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, XP, Vista,
Windows 7,8 & 10
MAC system OS 6,7,8,9,10
Linux
Android
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Programs that work with operating system software to help the
computer to do specific types of work.

Word Processing Software: The main purpose of this software is to

produce documents.
Example: MS-Word, Word Pad, Notepad and some other text editors.
Application Software

Database Software is a collection of related data. The purpose of this

software is to organize and manage data and you can change the way
data is stored and displayed.
Example: MS access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, and Oracle
Application Software

Spread Sheet Software is used to maintain budget, financial statements,

grade sheets, and sales records. The purpose of this software
is organizing numbers. It also allows the users to perform
simple or complex calculations on the numbers entered in
rows and columns.
Application Software
Communication software: allows computers to communicate with other computers:
Example: Fax software, Novell NetWare, AOL, Modem Software.

Graphics software: software that allows users to create and manipulate graphics
Example: Photoshop, Print Shop, PicsArt, etc.
Application Software

Education and Reference software: Programs that help teach new material
and ideas, and programs that can be used to find information
Example: Encarta, Worldbook Encyclopedia, Jumpstart Kindergarten

Entertainment and Leisure Software examples are Warcraft, DOTA, etc.

Integrated software: Combines several types of software into one

program or package.
Computers interpret every signal as on or
off.

1 (on) and 0 (off) are referred to as bits.

Eight bits is a byte. Each byte represents a

unique character.
 Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte
(KB) = one (MB) = (GB) = (TB) = one
thousand one million one billion trillion
bytes bytes bytes bytes

40
 Each ASCII number represents
an English character
Computers that run the
Windows operating system use
the set of Extended ASCII
definitions defined by the
American National Standards
Institute (ANSI).
ANSI standard sample ASCII code
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1) Set of programs that makes the hardware perform
a set of tasks in particular order.

A Graphics Software
B Operating System Software

C Computer Software

D Integrated Software
 2) How many bytes does a terabyte have?

A 1 000 bytes
B 1 Million bytes

C 1 Billion bytes

D 1 Trillion bytes
3) A basic part of computer which is the machine itself
and its connected devices and basically anything that
you can touch with your fingers.

A Application Software
B Supercomputers

C Hardware

D Software
4) Which is not an example of a computer software?

A Microsoft Word
B Printer

C Photoshop

D Mac IOS
 5) A type of computer used to process very large amounts of
information including processing information to predict hurricanes,
satellite images and navigation, and process military war
scenarios.

A Supercomputer
B Mainframe Computer

C Mini-computer

D Personal Computer
6) It consists of a group of programs that control the operations of
a computer equipment including functions like managing memory,
managing peripherals, loading, storing, and is an interface
between the application programs and the computer.

A Computer
B System Software

C Application Software

D Hardware
 7) ROM means __________________.

A Random Over Memory

B Reading On Memory

C Read Only Memory

D Random Only Memory

8) A programmable machine designed to perform arithmetic and
logical operations automatically and sequentially on the input
given by the user and gives the desired output after processing.

A Computer
B Printer

C Computer Screen

D Flashdrive
9) Said to be volatile since its contents are accessible only as long
as the computer is on. The contents of _____ are no more
available once the computer is turned off

A Floppy Drive
B Read Only Memory

C Compact Disk

D Random Access Memory

10) A type of memory which can only be read and contents of
which are not lost even when the computer is switched off. It
typically contains manufacturers instructions.

A Floppy Drive
B Read Only Memory

C Compact Disk

D Random Access Memory

11) A machine that can send or receive pictures and text over a
telephone line and can be printed directly.

A Facsimile (FAX)
B Inkjet Printer

C Xerox Machine

D Printer
12) Combines several types of software into one program or
package.

A Education and Reference software

B Entertainment and Leisure Software

C Integrated Software

D Database Software
13) Receives information from the CPU and presents it to the user in
the desired form.

A Input Device

B Motherboard

C Operating Software

D Output Device
 14) Which is not a type of hardware?

A Microsoft Word

B Storage Device

C Input Device

D Output Device
15) It can read text or illustration printed on paper and translates
the information into a form that computer can use.

A Printer

B Storage Device

C Scanner

D Touchpad
16) Programs that work with operating system software to help the
computer to do specific types of work.

A Input Device

B Central Processing Unit

C System Software

D Application Software
17) The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical
operations.

A Input Unit

B Processing Unit

C Storage Unit

D Output Unit
18) Computers used in school, home and small businesses.

A Mainframe Computers

B Personal Computers

C Supercomputers

D Mini-computers
 19-20) What are the two main types of software?

A Application Software

B Integrated Software

C Operating System Software

D Database Software
 1. C
1. C 2. D
2. D 3. C
4. B
3. C 5. A
4. B 6. B
5. A 7. C
6. B 8. A
9. D
7. C 10. B
8. A 11. A
9. D 12. C
13. D
10. B 14. A
11. A 15. C
12. C 16. D
13. D 17. B
18. B
14. C 19. A
15. C 20. C