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    Anemia Gravis: Kepaniteraan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam

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    NerissaArvianaShintara
    This document discusses anemia, including its definition, symptoms, causes, and treatments. It defines severe anemia as a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL or less. Common symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, pallor, palpitations, dyspnea, and headache. Physical exam may reveal pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, murmurs, and neurological or cardiovascular changes. The document outlines evaluation of anemia through history and physical exam, looking for signs of blood loss, family history, occupational risks, and underlying diseases. Treatments mentioned include iron supplementation, vitamin B12, folic acid, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and blood transfusions for severe anemia.

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    Anemia Gravis: Kepaniteraan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam

    Uploaded by

    NerissaArvianaShintara
    151 views24 pages
    This document discusses anemia, including its definition, symptoms, causes, and treatments. It defines severe anemia as a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL or less. Common symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, pallor, palpitations, dyspnea, and headache. Physical exam may reveal pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, murmurs, and neurological or cardiovascular changes. The document outlines evaluation of anemia through history and physical exam, looking for signs of blood loss, family history, occupational risks, and underlying diseases. Treatments mentioned include iron supplementation, vitamin B12, folic acid, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and blood transfusions for severe anemia.

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    anemia

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    Anemia

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    This document discusses anemia, including its definition, symptoms, causes, and treatments. It defines severe anemia as a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL or less. Common symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, pallor, palpitations, dyspnea, and headache. Physical exam may reveal pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, murmurs, and neurological or cardiovascular changes. The document outlines evaluation of anemia through history and physical exam, looking for signs of blood loss, family history, occupational risks, and underlying diseases. Treatments mentioned include iron supplementation, vitamin B12, folic acid, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and blood transfusions for severe anemia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    151 views24 pages

    Anemia Gravis: Kepaniteraan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam

    Uploaded by

    NerissaArvianaShintara
    This document discusses anemia, including its definition, symptoms, causes, and treatments. It defines severe anemia as a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL or less. Common symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, pallor, palpitations, dyspnea, and headache. Physical exam may reveal pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, murmurs, and neurological or cardiovascular changes. The document outlines evaluation of anemia through history and physical exam, looking for signs of blood loss, family history, occupational risks, and underlying diseases. Treatments mentioned include iron supplementation, vitamin B12, folic acid, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and blood transfusions for severe anemia.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Ora et Labora

    ANEMIA GRAVIS
    KEPANITERAAN ILMU PENYAKIT
    DALAM

    Periode 08 Mei -22 Juli


    RS TEBET
    2017
    The World Health
    Organization (WHO) defines
    anemia as a hemoglobin
    level <130 g/L (13 g/dL) in
    men and <120 g/L (12 g/dL)
    Definisi

    Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine 392


    Anemia gravis adalah
    anemia apa
    bila konsentrasi Hb 7 g/dL

    Definisi

    Type 2 diabetes,
    the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in Europe
    Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine 392
    Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine 392
    Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine 392
    Clinical Symptoms and Findings of Anemia
    Skin/Mucosal Changes
    Fatigue, weakness
    Tiredness, lassitude, reduced exercise tolerence
    Generalized muscular weakness

    Pallor /skin or mucous membranes


    Skin color may change due to other reasons;
    eg :Blood flow of skin, subcutaneous fluid ,
    pigment changes
    Pallor (paleness):
    Look at
    Mucous membranes of mouth and pharynx
    Conjunctivae,lips, nail beds,palms
    Creases of the palms lose their pink colour when the Hb <
    7g/dL
    In pernicious anemia there is a lemon yellow pallor.
    Pallor + mild scleral icterus suggests hemolytic anemia.
    Pallor+ petechiae suggests severe bone marrow failure
    Some other skin/mucosal changes
    Premature graying of hair:pern.anemia
    Hair loss and fragility + spooning of the nails:iron deficiency
    Chronic leg ulcers:Sickle cell or other hemolytic anemia
    Glossitis/burning sense :Pern. anemia, iron deficiency(rare)
    Chelitis(angular stomatitis):iron def.
    Siideropenic dysphagia: iron def.
    Painful ulcerative mouth lesions: aplastic anemia/leukemia
    Clinical Symptoms and Findings of Anemia
    Cardiovascular System
    Palpitation and dyspnea (during activity)
    Angina pectoris
    Claudicatio intermittans
    Murmurs: Mid systolic (rarely diastolic) , mainly pulmonary
    valvular or apical
    or over major peripheral arteries
    Clinical Symptoms and Findings of Anemia
    Central Nervous System
    Headache
    Faintness
    Giddiness
    Tinnitus
    Decreased concentration ability
    Drowsiness,decreased muscle strength
    Clouding of consciousness
    Symptoms are more prominent in older patients
    Paresthesias:Vitamin B12 deficiency (or other).
    Clinical Symptoms and Findings of Anemia
    Reproductive System
    Menstrual changes:
    Amenorrhea ,
    Menorrhagia(mostly a cause of anemia)
    Loss of libido
    Clinical Symptoms and Findings of Anemia
    Renal System
    Renal Changes
    Slight proteinuria
    Concentrating defects
    Further reduction of renal function in patients
    with previous renal impairment
    (Renal failure itself is a cause of anemia!!!!)
    Some Other examples for history and
    physical examination
    The duration of symptoms (acute/insidious)
    Bleeding ? Nose/skin/urine/mens/stool etc
    Family history
    Anemia, gall stones and splenectomy
    Bleeding disorder
    Occupation, hobbies,dietary history,alcohol or drug use,travel
    history etc (toxic/infectious contacts)
    Ask for skin and hair/nail changes
    Some Other examples for history and
    physical examination

    Pain / mass / fever/systemic overview for an underlying


    disease
    Renal/endocrine/liver disease or
    Chronic infection/malignancy/imflamatory condition
    Parasitis
    Pregnancies
    Paresthesias ,walking difficulty
    Sternal or other bone tenderness
    Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
    Lymphadenomegaly
    Type 2 diabetes,
    the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in Europe
    Type 2 diabetes,
    the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in Europe
    Jenis Jenis Terapi:
    Terapi gawat darurat
    Terapi khas untuk masing-masing anemia
    Terapi kausal
    Terapi ex juvantivus

    Terapi
    Terapi

    Besi per oral : Ferrous Sulphat (Sulpha ferosus)


    3x200mg
    Vit. B12 200mg/hari atau 1000mg/minggu.
    Dosis pemeliharaan 200mg/bulan atau 1000mg/3bulan
    As. Folat 5mg/hari selama 4 bulan
    Pemberian ESA
    Tranfusi (utama pada anemia gravis)

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