CHAPTER 2 Physiological Basis of Behavior
CHAPTER 2 Physiological Basis of Behavior
CHAPTER 2 Physiological Basis of Behavior
Jannet C.Broas
Activity #1 Chapter 2
In a yellow paper,answer the following:
1. Give the brief definition of the ff:
a. neurons
b. stimulus
c. response
d. effector
e. reflexes
2. Make a web mapping showing the nervous
system and its division and its parts. Give the
description of each part and sub part.
3. Give at least 5 endocrine glands with the
corresponding hormones its secreted and its
function.
Nervous System
Chapter 2
The Physiological Bases of
Behavior
2. Sensory Neurons/Afferent
Accept impulses from
sensory receptors
Transmit them to the
CNS
3. Interneurons/Association
Convey nerve impulses
between various parts
of the CNS
Nervous System
2. Cerebrum
The largest division of the
brain
Associated with
intelligence, imagination,
memory, learning and
reasoning
Parts of the Cerebrum
1. Occipital lobe
2. Temporal lobe
3. Parietal lobe
4. Frontal lobe
Parts of the Hindbrain
1. Cerebellum
Occupies the lowest
posterior part of the
skull.
Coordinates activities of
groups of muscles and
controls skeletal
muscles for balancing
3. Pons varoli
Lies above the medulla
For the regulation of sleep-wake
cycle
also serve as centers of reflexes
and help regulate respiration and
serves as conduction pathway
between the cord and other
parts of the brain
Limbic System
Glands release
chemicals that
activate the Nervous
system
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic ANS
This is most active
in times of stress
Involve the
expenditure of the
energy
Functions:
1. Most active when
angry, afraid or
aroused
2. Fight-or-flight
response
3. Increases heart
rate and
breathing
4. Stops digestion
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
2. Parasympathetic ANS
Controls maintenance activities
and helps conserve the bodys
energy.
Controls quiet activities such as
sexual
arousal, salivation, lacrimation (t
ears), urination, digestion and def
ecation
Functions:
Calms body
Produce effects opposite to those
of the sympathetic division
Reduces heart rate and breathing
Restores digestion
SPLIT BRAIN METHOD
Split brain
- an operation done to
separate the brain that
requires cutting of corpus
callosim
- First experimented by Roger
Sperry on cats
- First done on human on US
Army veterans experiencing
seizure
- It subject correctly retrieves
an object by touch with the
left hand when its name is
flashed to the right
hemisphere, but he cannot
name the object or describe
what he has done
Message system
Nervous System
wherein the brain is master control
of the body
-it produces all our conscious acts
and thoughts and maintaining our
unconscious body operations.
Endocrine system
- Distributes the bodys hormones
controlled by the hypothalamus
and pituitary gland
The Endocrine System
This is also known as the
ductless glands
They pour secretions
directly into the blood
stream
This have strong impact on
behavior.
Under the control of the
hypothalamus that
contains the master gland
called pituitary gland
Hormones: Chemical signals
manufactured and secreted
into the blood in one part of
the body and that affect
other parts of the body.
Endocrine glands
1. Pituitary Gland
Hormone:
Growth hormone and
hormones that affect
other endocrine glands
bodys master gland
Function:
Regulates normal body
growth and instructs the
glands to release their
hormones
Disorders:
Overproduction results
to giantism/Acromegaly
Underproduction results
to dwarfism
Endocrine glands
2. Thyroid Gland
Hormone:
Thyroxine
Function:
Brain development and metabolism
Disorder:
Over secretion results to
hyperthyroidism
Under secretion results to
hypothyroidism
Poor development result to
cretinism
Endocrine glands
3. Parathyroid gland
Hormone:
Parathyroid hormone
Function:
Regulates calcium and
phosphate levels in the
blood
Disease:
Insufficient production of
parathyroid hormone
leads to tetany
Endocrine glands
4. Pancreas
Hormone:
Insulin and Glucagon
Function:
Regulates blood sugar levels
Disorder:
Diabetes mellitus type I
5. Adrenal Gland
Hormone:
Adrenalinand
noradrenalin
Function:
Regulates heartbeat and
blood pressure and Endocrine Glands
functions for stress
response
Disorder:
Addisonsdisease -
hyperpigmentation
Cushingsdisease rapid
weight gain
Endocrine glands
6. Pineal Gland
Hormone:
Melatonin
Function:
Regulates
sleep-wake
cycle
Disorder:
Sleep disorder
Endocrine glands 7. Ovaries
Hormone:
Estrogen and
Progesterone
Function:
Secondary sexual
changes and prepares
female for pregnancy
Disorder:
Disorders
in sexual
development in females
8.Testes/Testis/Testicles Endocrine Glands
Hormones:
Androgen and
Testosterone
Function:
Secondary sexual
changes and sperm
cell production,
sexual behavior
Disorder:
Disorders in sexual
development in
males
Thank you for
listening
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