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    Human Growth and Development

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    Allan Santos
    Human growth and development involves physical, intellectual, emotional, and social changes throughout life. Development follows similar patterns for everyone but occurs at individual rates. A psychologist identified a hierarchy of basic human needs from physiological to self-actualization. Erik Erikson proposed a theory of 8 stages of personality development from infancy to old age, where success or failure to meet challenges at each stage impacts future development.

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    Human Growth and Development

    Uploaded by

    Allan Santos
    89 views14 pages
    Human growth and development involves physical, intellectual, emotional, and social changes throughout life. Development follows similar patterns for everyone but occurs at individual rates. A psychologist identified a hierarchy of basic human needs from physiological to self-actualization. Erik Erikson proposed a theory of 8 stages of personality development from infancy to old age, where success or failure to meet challenges at each stage impacts future development.

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    Erik Erikson

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    Human growth and development involves physical, intellectual, emotional, and social changes throughout life. Development follows similar patterns for everyone but occurs at individual rates. A psychologist identified a hierarchy of basic human needs from physiological to self-actualization. Erik Erikson proposed a theory of 8 stages of personality development from infancy to old age, where success or failure to meet challenges at each stage impacts future development.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    89 views14 pages

    Human Growth and Development

    Uploaded by

    Allan Santos
    Human growth and development involves physical, intellectual, emotional, and social changes throughout life. Development follows similar patterns for everyone but occurs at individual rates. A psychologist identified a hierarchy of basic human needs from physiological to self-actualization. Erik Erikson proposed a theory of 8 stages of personality development from infancy to old age, where success or failure to meet challenges at each stage impacts future development.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 14

    Human Growth and Development

    Human growth and development is the study of how people change as they go through life.
    Development is similar for everyone, but each person grows and develops at an individual rate.

    Areas of Development
    Physical development - all the bodily changes that occur as a person grows and ages. Intellectual development - a persons ability to learn something and then apply this knowledge to new problems and experiences. Emotional development - changes in a persons ability to establish a unique identity and express feelings. Social development - learning to interact with other people.

    Hierarchy of Human Needs


    A psychologist named Abraham Maslow developed a system of basic human needs. Hierarchy of human needs:
    Food, shelter, bodily comfort Safety, security To feel loved, have a sense of belonging Self-esteem, approval Desire to live up to ones potential

    Erik Erikson

    Erik Eriksons Theory of Personality Development


    Life is a series of 8 stages from birth to death Must meet challenge or crisis of each stage. Positive outcome / negative outcome How you meet challenge affects personality development.

    Stage 1: Trust and Mistrust Birth to One Year


    Positive outcome love, affection and stable environment = trust Negative outcome mistreated, abused or neglected = mistrust.

    Stage 2: Autonomy and Doubt Ages One to Three


    Seek to control self & environment. Positive outcome Freedom to explore = autonomy or self confidence Negative outcome No freedom = feeling of worthlessness.

    Stage 3: Initiative and Guilt Ages Three to Five


    Child expresses desire to take initiative in activities Positive outcome Master peer relationships and language Negative outcome Child develops feelings of guilt that will affect self-directed activity throughout life

    Stage 4: Industry and Inferiority Ages Six to Eleven


    Child develops cognitive abilities to enable in task completion (school work, play) Positive outcome Self discipline and development of natural talents. Negative outcome Feeling of inferiority.

    Stage 5: Identity and Identity Confusion Ages Twelve to Eighteen


    Form ego identity & self-image Positive outcome Build sense of identity/self, who they are, what they want to do, what they believe in. Negative outcome No identity = identity confusion

    Stage 6: Intimacy and Isolation Ages Nineteen to Thirty five


    Work to build intimacy and mutual caring.
    Positive outcome Marriage and children Negative outcome No intimacy = loneliness and isolation.

    Stage 7: Generativity and Stagnation Ages Thirty five to Fifty


    Active involvement in contributing something lasting to world.
    Positive outcome Raise children, activities, community service Negative outcome Unable to contribute = boredom, restlessness, feeling that life is useless.

    Stage 8: Integrity and Despair Ages Fifty and Up


    Evaluation of entire life
    Positive outcome Look back on life with contentment. Negative outcome Good perspective on life. No integrity = despair.

    Summary
    No one moves through all 8 stages with only successes. Successes need to outnumber the failures. Can become stuck in a stage. Struggle to create a healthy personality is what makes life satisfying.

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