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    Rabies by DR Najeeb Memon Pakistan

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    This document discusses rabies, a zoonotic viral disease transmitted primarily through animal bites. It is caused by a rhabdovirus that affects the central nervous system. Rabies has high mortality in both animals and humans. Dogs are the main urban reservoir while wildlife such as foxes and bats can also transmit rabies. Post-exposure prophylaxis includes wound cleansing, vaccine administration, and rabies immunoglobulin for severe exposures. Mass dog vaccination is important for rabies control.

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    Rabies by DR Najeeb Memon Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    mnajeeb807196
    76 views23 pages
    This document discusses rabies, a zoonotic viral disease transmitted primarily through animal bites. It is caused by a rhabdovirus that affects the central nervous system. Rabies has high mortality in both animals and humans. Dogs are the main urban reservoir while wildlife such as foxes and bats can also transmit rabies. Post-exposure prophylaxis includes wound cleansing, vaccine administration, and rabies immunoglobulin for severe exposures. Mass dog vaccination is important for rabies control.

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    Rabies

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    Rabies by Dr Najeeb Memon Pakistan

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    This document discusses rabies, a zoonotic viral disease transmitted primarily through animal bites. It is caused by a rhabdovirus that affects the central nervous system. Rabies has high mortality in both animals and humans. Dogs are the main urban reservoir while wildlife such as foxes and bats can also transmit rabies. Post-exposure prophylaxis includes wound cleansing, vaccine administration, and rabies immunoglobulin for severe exposures. Mass dog vaccination is important for rabies control.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    76 views23 pages

    Rabies by DR Najeeb Memon Pakistan

    Uploaded by

    mnajeeb807196
    This document discusses rabies, a zoonotic viral disease transmitted primarily through animal bites. It is caused by a rhabdovirus that affects the central nervous system. Rabies has high mortality in both animals and humans. Dogs are the main urban reservoir while wildlife such as foxes and bats can also transmit rabies. Post-exposure prophylaxis includes wound cleansing, vaccine administration, and rabies immunoglobulin for severe exposures. Mass dog vaccination is important for rabies control.

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    RABIES
    Primarily a Zoonotic disease of warm
    blooded animal
    such as :-
    Dogs,
    wild cats,
    Jackals,
    wolves etc.
    It is caused by the Neurotropic RNA virus belongs to
    Rhabdoviridae type I (LYSSAVIRUS type I) is Bullet
    shaped virus Highly fatal viral dis: of CNS
    Causative Agent

    (LYSSAVIRUS type I)
    Rhabdoviridae type I
    RESERVOIR OF INFECTION
    1) URBAN RABIES:
    From Dogs and
    cats.

    2) WILD LIFE RABIES:


    From jackals and
    foxes.

    3) BAT RABIES:
    Vampire bats
    Mode of Transmission
    1. ANIMAL BITES
    2. LICKS
    3. AEROSOL
    4. PERSON TO PERSON
    Susceptibility
    Age: 1-24 ys: victims
    All warm blooded animals including man

    Sex: Mainly males

    Immunity: lasts for 6 months

    Environmental Factors: Any season / in Winter


    Communicability
    Rabid animal is infectious to others during
    last 3-5 days of IP & also during entire
    period of illness.
    Which is about 8 -10 days
    Thus the total period of infectivity is about
    12 -15 days.
    INCUBATION PERIOD:

    normally it is 3 - 8 wks

    may be short that is 4 days

    or may be prolonged for years.


    CLINICAL PICTURE
    1. Prodromal symptoms
    low fever ,Headache, malaise, sore throat, pain at
    the site of bite

    2. Excitation Symptoms
    sensory sys: involvement
    Aero phobia, excitation of N.S.
    Motor sys: inv:
    increase reflexes, muscle spasm,
    Symp:inv: dilatation of Pupils, Lacrimation, salivation, &
    increase perspiration.
    Mental changes: fear of death, anger, irritability and depression
    Hydrophobia (water may produce spasm of deglutition)
    Paralysis ------ Coma ------------------ Recovery -------------- Death
    DIAGNOSIS
    1. History
    2. Sign and symptom
    3. Examination
    4. Detection of Antigen by taking Skin
    Biopsy using Immunofluorescence
    5. by virus isolation from Saliva &
    other secretions.
    Control Measures
    Notification
    Isolation
    Disinfection
    Immunization
    Prevention of human rabies
    post Exposure prophylaxis
    1. General consideration:- Aim is to neutralize virus before entering CNS
    2. LOCAL WOUND TREATMENT

    a, Cleansing of wound(soap & water)


    b, Chemical treatment: (Either Alcohol 400-700 ml /liter,Tinct: Iodine)
    c, No Suturing
    d, Anti Rabies Serum
    e, Antibiotic and ATS
    f, Observe the animal for 10 days
    3, Immunization (Killed Vaccines)
    1,NERVOUS TISSUE VACCINE (NTV ,14 D S/c) From brain of sheep, suckling mouse, Duck embryo
    2, Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV, 0,3,7,14,28, B 90D) Human (HDVC) Non Human (2nd Generation)
    Passive Immunization:
    Horse Ant rabies serum
    Human Rabies Ig (HRIg)
    General measures
    Regist:, licensing & taxation of dog.
    Muzzling of dogs
    Yearly mass vaccination of dog
    Destruction of stray dogs
    Facilities for diagnosis of rabies in dogs
    Destruction of wildlife where the animals
    are known to be the reservoir of infection.
    Publicity
    Classification Of Exposures
    1. Class I (slight Risk) 07 injection
    a. Licks on healthy unbroken skin.
    b. Scratches without oozing of blood.
    2. Class II (Moderate Risk) according to the Schedule plus one
    booster dose after 3 week
    a. Licks on fresh cuts.
    b. Scratches with oozing of blood.
    c. All bites except those on head, neck, face, palms and fingers.
    d. Minor wounds less than 5 in number.
    3. Class III (Severe Risk) according to the Schedule plus Two
    booster dose one after one week and another 2 week
    a. all bites or scratches with oozing of blood on neck, head,
    face, palms and fingers.
    b. Lacerated wounds on any part of the body.
    c. Multiple wounds 5 or more in number.
    d. Bites from wild animals.
    Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
    It is done in persons who have high risk of
    repeated exposures.
    Animal Handlers
    Wildlife officers
    Veterinarians
    Lab: staff working with rabies virus
    Protected by:- Cell-culture vaccine 1ml I/M
    OR 0.1ml I/D ( 0,7& 28day)
    Post-exposure R/ of persons
    (who have been vaccinated previously)
    HDC vaccine (1ml I/M 0,3 & 7 day 0
    Rabies in Dogs
    Incubation period: 3-8 wks.
    Clinical features: Rabies in dogs may manifest
    itself in two forms.
    a. Furious Rabies. (Mad dog syndrome)
    This the typical mad-dog syndrome characterized by.
    i. change in behavior.
    ii. Tendency to run away from home, wander aimlessly
    and biting humans and animals.
    iii. Change in voice due to paralisis of laryngeal muscles.
    iv. Excessive salivation & foaming at the angle of the
    mouth.
    v. Paralysis of the whole body leading to coma & death.
    b. Dumb Rabies.(Paralytic Rabies)
    i. The excitative or irritative stage is
    lacking.
    ii. The disease is predominantly paralytic.
    iii. Dog withdraws itself from being seen or
    disturbed.
    iv. It elapses into a stage of sleepiness and
    dies in about 3 days.
    FREE RABIES ZONE:

    Australia,
    China,
    Iceland,
    Ireland,
    Japan,
    New Zealand etc
    Types of Rabies virus
    STREET VIRUS FIXED VIRUS
    Definition: the virus Definition: the virus
    recovered from which has a short, fixed
    naturally occurring and reproducible
    cases of rabies is called incubation period is
    street virus called fixed virus

    Sources: it is naturally Sources: it is prepared


    occurring virus. It is by repeated culture in
    found in saliva of brain of rabbit such that
    infected animal. its I.P. is reduced &
    (continue) fixed
    STREET.V FIXED.V
    Features Features
    1. It produces Negri 1. It does not form Negri
    bodies bodies
    2. Incubation period is 2. Incubation period is
    long i.e. 20 to 60 constant between 4-6
    days days
    3. It is pathogenic for all 3. It can pathogenic for
    mammals humans under certain
    conditions
    4. Cannot be used for 4. Is used for preparation of
    preparation of ant rabies vaccine
    vaccine
    THANK

    YOU

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