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    Chapter 4:the Periodic Table of Elements: Group 1 - Afiq Rifqal - Nicole Ho - Raihan - Bharath - Tuck Hoe

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    Shafeeqah Fadzil
    This document discusses the historical development of the periodic table. It describes how early scientists like Lavoisier, Dobereiner, Newlands, and Meyer made observations that led to the modern periodic table. Mendeleev is credited with proposing the first recognizable periodic table in 1869 by arranging elements by atomic mass and leaving gaps for undiscovered elements. Moseley later determined that atomic number should be used to arrange elements, not atomic mass. The periodic table is useful because it groups elements with similar properties together, making their characteristics and relationships easier to study.

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    Chapter 4:the Periodic Table of Elements: Group 1 - Afiq Rifqal - Nicole Ho - Raihan - Bharath - Tuck Hoe

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    Shafeeqah Fadzil
    45 views11 pages
    This document discusses the historical development of the periodic table. It describes how early scientists like Lavoisier, Dobereiner, Newlands, and Meyer made observations that led to the modern periodic table. Mendeleev is credited with proposing the first recognizable periodic table in 1869 by arranging elements by atomic mass and leaving gaps for undiscovered elements. Moseley later determined that atomic number should be used to arrange elements, not atomic mass. The periodic table is useful because it groups elements with similar properties together, making their characteristics and relationships easier to study.

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    Chapter 4 : The Periodic Table of Elements

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    Chemistry

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    This document discusses the historical development of the periodic table. It describes how early scientists like Lavoisier, Dobereiner, Newlands, and Meyer made observations that led to the modern periodic table. Mendeleev is credited with proposing the first recognizable periodic table in 1869 by arranging elements by atomic mass and leaving gaps for undiscovered elements. Moseley later determined that atomic number should be used to arrange elements, not atomic mass. The periodic table is useful because it groups elements with similar properties together, making their characteristics and relationships easier to study.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    45 views11 pages

    Chapter 4:the Periodic Table of Elements: Group 1 - Afiq Rifqal - Nicole Ho - Raihan - Bharath - Tuck Hoe

    Uploaded by

    Shafeeqah Fadzil
    This document discusses the historical development of the periodic table. It describes how early scientists like Lavoisier, Dobereiner, Newlands, and Meyer made observations that led to the modern periodic table. Mendeleev is credited with proposing the first recognizable periodic table in 1869 by arranging elements by atomic mass and leaving gaps for undiscovered elements. Moseley later determined that atomic number should be used to arrange elements, not atomic mass. The periodic table is useful because it groups elements with similar properties together, making their characteristics and relationships easier to study.

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    of 11

    Chapter 4:The Periodic Table Of

    Elements
    Group 1
    Afiq Rifqal
    Nicole Ho
    Raihan
    Bharath
    Tuck hoe
    HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
    THE PERIODIC TABLE
    Antoine Lavoisier
    He wrote the first list
    which contained 33
    elements.
    He differentiated
    metal and non-metal.
    In the year 1789, he
    classified elements into GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4
    four groups including
    OXYGEN SULPHUR ARSENIC ALUMINIUM
    light and heat as
    elements, as shown in NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS SILVER BARYTA

    the following table HYDROGEN CARBON BISMUTH LIME

    LIGHT CHLORINE COBALT SILICA

    HEAT FLOURINE LEAD MAGNESIA


    Johann Dobereiner
    In 1829, he classified the
    elements with similar chemical
    properties into groups of three,
    known as Dobereiners triads (a
    group of three).
    Lithium, Sodium and
    Potassium form one triad
    Calcium, Strontium and
    Barium form one triad
    Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine
    form one triad
    Dobereiner discovered the relationship between chemical
    characteristics with the relative atomic mass of an element.

    The atomic mass of middle element was approximately the average


    atomic mass of the other two elements in each triad.
    John Newlands
    In the year 1864, John Newlands
    was the first chemist that arranged
    the elements in order of increasing
    atomic mass and discover the
    existence of a periodic pattern of
    properties.
    He found that the chemical
    properties of every eighth element
    are similar. The repeated patterns
    formed was similar to that of a
    musical octave. Thus, he named his
    discovery the Law Of Octaves.
    Unfortunately, his contribution
    was a failure because the Law Of
    Octaves was obeyed by the first 17
    elements only.
    Lothar Meyer
    In 1870,Meyer plotted a graph
    of the atomic volume against the
    atomic mass for all the known
    elements.
    He discovered that elements
    with chemical characteristics
    which are similar reside on
    positions of same levels on the
    graph curve plotted by him.
    Hence,he suggested and
    successful in showing that there
    is a periodic relationship of
    elements based on their relative
    atomic mass.
    Mendeleev is a Russian chemist
    that proposed the first Periodic Table
    in 1869.
    Dmitri Mendeleev
    He arranged elements according
    to the order of increasing atomic
    mass and those with similar
    chemical properties are grouped
    together.
    He left empty spaces for elements
    which have yet to be discovered at
    that time.
    His prediction on the
    characteristics of elements,which
    were unknown at that time are later
    found to be true.
    Todays modern Periodic Table is
    based on Mendeleevs work.
    Henry G.J Moseley
    In 1914,Moseley studied the X-ray
    spectrum of elements.Mosele used
    X-rays to derive the relationship
    between the X-ray frequency and the
    number of protons.
    From the experiment,he
    concluded that proton number
    should be the basis for the periodic
    change of chemical properties
    instead of the atomic mass.
    He modernised and rearranged the Mendeleev Periodic Table.This is by
    arranging elements in horizontal rows based on the ascending order of the
    number of protons found in the atom of each element.

    He arranged the elements with similar chemical properties into groups


    Arrangement of Elements In The
    Periodic Table
    1) Each vertical column is called a group.
    2) There are 18 groups in the Periodic Table.
    3) Each group contains elements with similar chemical characteristics.
    4) Each horizontal row is called a period.
    5) It contains 7 periods.
    6) Each period contains elements with chemical and physical characteristics which
    change progressively from metal to non-metal.
    7) The proton number increases in one unit from left to right within each period.

    Group Name of group


    Group 1 Alkali metals(Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr) very reactive
    Group 2 Alkaline earth metals(Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Ra)
    Group 17 Halogens(F,Cl,Br,I,At)
    Group 18 Noble gases(He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe,Rn) chemically unreactive
    Group 3-12 Transition elements(metals)
    Advantages of grouping elements
    in Periodic Table
    i. Making it easier for people to study and
    understand all the elements found
    ii. Enable people to easily identify the characteristics
    of elements as the elements with similar chemical
    properties have been placed into the same group
    iii. Enable people to predict the properties of an
    element
    iv. Enable people to study the elements in an orderly
    and systematic way

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