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    Tower Design & Spec.

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    Murugan
    The document discusses options for tower internals, specifically trays vs packing. It notes that trays will likely be less expensive for pressures up to 150 psig, while packing is better for low pressure drop and corrosive systems. It then provides details on types of trays, packing, tray design considerations like active area and downcomers, and tower sizing programs. Revamp options like adding packing to an existing tray tower are also covered.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Tower Design & Spec.

    Uploaded by

    Murugan
    154 views25 pages
    The document discusses options for tower internals, specifically trays vs packing. It notes that trays will likely be less expensive for pressures up to 150 psig, while packing is better for low pressure drop and corrosive systems. It then provides details on types of trays, packing, tray design considerations like active area and downcomers, and tower sizing programs. Revamp options like adding packing to an existing tray tower are also covered.

    Original Description:

    Tower design by Travis

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    The document discusses options for tower internals, specifically trays vs packing. It notes that trays will likely be less expensive for pressures up to 150 psig, while packing is better for low pressure drop and corrosive systems. It then provides details on types of trays, packing, tray design considerations like active area and downcomers, and tower sizing programs. Revamp options like adding packing to an existing tray tower are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    154 views25 pages

    Tower Design & Spec.

    Uploaded by

    Murugan
    The document discusses options for tower internals, specifically trays vs packing. It notes that trays will likely be less expensive for pressures up to 150 psig, while packing is better for low pressure drop and corrosive systems. It then provides details on types of trays, packing, tray design considerations like active area and downcomers, and tower sizing programs. Revamp options like adding packing to an existing tray tower are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways from the document are that it discusses various design considerations for distillation columns including tray and packing selection, tower sizing programs, and revamping an existing column.

    The main types of trays discussed are valve trays, sieve trays, bubble cap trays, grid trays, and dual flow trays.

    When choosing between trays and packing, factors to consider include pressure, throughput needs, foaming tendencies, corrosion resistance, and cost. Trays are generally preferred below 150 psig while packing can handle higher pressures.

    Tower Design and Specification

    Process Engineering
    By Travis Abrams
    Tower Internals
    Two routes to go: Trays or Packing
    Which one to choose?
    Advantages of Packing
    Good where low pressure drop is desired. For hydrocarbon systems :vapor density
    and liquid-to-vapor density ratio where structured packing has few, if any, problems
    are: Vapor density less than 1.5 lb/ft3 (24 kg/m3).

    Liquid-to-vapor density ratio greater than 18.

    Packing can sometimes handle higher throughput for a revamp situation, depending
    on the liquid loading.

    Packing is more tolerant of foaming system, which is why it is used for TEG
    contactors.

    Packing is good for extremely corrosive systems because plastics and ceramics can
    be used.
    Trays VS Packing
    Trays
    Trays will most likely be less expensive for
    pressures up to 150 psig and they can
    later be debottlenecked with packing
    Trays should probably be used above 150
    psig.
    Theoretical trays are easier to define than
    HETP of packing
    Types of Trays
    2. Sieve Trays
    1. Valve Trays

    5. Duel flow trays

    3. Bubble Cap Trays 4. Grid Trays

    And fixed valve trays


    Types of packing
    Random: Pall rings,
    intalox, -many to
    choose from!
    Structured-usually
    higher capacity for the
    same HETP than
    random packing. Also
    lower pressure drop
    than random packing
    Tray Design
    Trays have two
    principal features
    Weir Height
    1. Active Area Inlet Weir
    2. Downcomers Outlet Weir
    Downcomer
    Clearance
    Sloped Downcomer

    Active Area
    Tray Passes

    How many passes


    does a Tower Need?
    1 pass through 5 pass

    With tower sizing


    programs use trial
    and error, changing
    the tray pass to get
    smallest tower
    diameter
    Tower Sizing Programs
    Koch-Glitch
    Sultzer
    Old Nutter program available-same as
    Sultzer
    Old Norton program available, but it is the
    same as Kock-Glitch.
    Jaeger program has HETP calculations
    FRI for sieve, bubble cap, duel flow in old
    card reading fortran code
    Relief Weirs
    Used to give better liquid distribution for
    segmental downcomers that are on the
    small side
    Weir Baffles and Picket weir
    For low liquid/vapor
    ratios (spray regime)

    3/4 of tray spacing


    Feed Distributors
    Liquid Feed

    Always a symetrical design for


    equal distribution
    Pipe and Slot size in distributor
    should be 2-5 ft/sec for liquids
    and 20-30 ft/sec for vapor
    Mixed phase: add liquid and
    vapor sized areas together,
    avoid slug flow!
    Distributor Placement
    Reboiler Placement
    Tray Spacing
    18 to 24 inches is the normal range depends on
    hieght of toewr VS ID of tower economics.
    Manway or feed section is 30 to 36 inches.
    Bottom downcomer seal is trayspacing plus 6.
    Top section is usually 4 feet from top tray to
    tangent or seam.
    Manways every 10-15 trays (depends on client
    specification)
    Packing Internals
    Revamping a Trayed Diesel HDS
    Fractionator
    NEW TOP DISTRIBUTOR
    TRAY

    3.00feet

    HDS FRACTIONATOR

    10.00feet

    23.25feet NEW HIGH EFFICIENCY


    PACKING (STRUCTURED)

    NEW DRAW TRAY AND


    REDISTRIBUTOR

    NEW
    MANWAY 3.00feet
    NEW
    AND NEW KEROSENE
    LEVEL DRAW
    NOZZLES
    NEW HIGH EFFICIENCY
    PACKING (STRUCTURED)

    7.25feet

    5.50 2.00feet
    EXISTING CHIMNEY TRAY
    AND DISTRIBUTOR WILL
    BE REUSED AS IS.

    5.00feet

    2.00feet
    TRAY 19

    2.00feet
    NEW 10" FEED NOZZLE NEW 10" FEED NOZZLE

    TRAY 18

    TRAY 17 2.00feet

    11.00
    Running the Koch program KG
    Tower

    Kg-tower.lnk
    Reboiler Placement

    Kettle Reboiler with Kettle Reboiler with surge


    bottom surge in kettle in bottom of tower
    Thermosyphon reboilers

    Less than a
    theoretical stage One theoretical stage
    Once Through Reboiler
    Drawing the Tower:The Process
    Sketch
    Helpful (but not essential) to draw to scale
    For mutipass trays-start the tray pass at
    the bottom to set the bottom tray layout
    Dimension Everything!
    Top Section
    Outlet Vapor

    Vent Nozzle

    Reflux Distributor

    Temperature

    Column Feed
    Tower Middle

    Bottom of Tower is larger because


    Of thermosyphon Reboiler arrangement
    And liquid hold up requirements
    Tower Bottom

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