Virus Characteristic: in Oral Cavity

Virus Characteristic
in oral cavity
Learning Objective 4
161610101027 DWI MUKTI KUSUMASTUTI
161610101038 NURHALIMAH
Mu
mp
s Illu
stra
Vir tion
us
Symptoms usually begin 1618 days after

Exp infection, but this period can range from 12
lan 25 days after infection. Some people who
atio
n get mumps have very mild or no symptoms,
and often they do not know they have the
disease. (District of Columbia Departement
of Health www.doh.dc.gov )
Me
asl
es Illu
stra
Vir tion
us
Measles is an acute childhood infectious disease

caused by a virus. The virus is transmitted from
person to person through coughing or sneezing
Exp
lan
In countries where immunization rates are low,
atio virtually all unimmunized children will have been
n infected with measles by the age of 5 years.
About half the cases occur in children below one
year, the age group in which most deaths occur.
(WHO 2004)
Cox
sac
kie Illu
stra
Vir tion
us
People can spread the disease when they are

shedding the virus in their feces. It is also spread by
the respiratory tract from mouth or respiratory
Exp secretions (such as from saliva on hands or toys). The
lan virus has also been found in the fluid from the skin
atio blisters. The infection is spread most easily during the
n
acute phase/stage of illness when people are feeling
ill, but the virus can be spread for several weeks after
the onset of infection. (Maryland Departement of
Health & Mental Hygiene 2008)
Learning Obkective 6
DISKA FITRI A
ELFRIDA MAYA A
Hu
ma
n Illu
stra
Pap tion
illo
ma
Vir HPV infection has also been implicated as
us a risk factor for the development of oral
Exp
cancer, which is suggested by histological
lan similarities between lesions of the oral and
atio
n
genital mucosa, and supported by in vitro
studies showing that HPV can immortalize
oral keratinocyte (Gonzales, et al 2007)
Ad
eno
vir Illu
stra
us tion
Adenoviruses can cause a wide-range of symptoms,

including fever, chills, headache, general muscle aches,
tiredness, lack of appetite, runny nose, sore throat, and
Exp lung infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia. The flu-
lan
like symptoms caused by adenoviruses are generally
atio
n less severe than those of influenza. Adenoviruses can
also cause reddened eyes and sometimes swelling of the
eye tissue. (Oklahoma State Department of Health
2014)
Hu
ma
n Illu
stra
Her tion
pes
vir
us Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are very prevalent DNA viruses that can cause
a variety of orofacial diseases. Typically they are highly infectious, are
contracted early in life, and following primary nfection, usually persist in a
latent form. Primary oral infections are often subclinical, but may be
Exp symptomatic as in the case of herpes simplex virus-induced primary
lan herpetic gingivostomatitis. Reactivation of the latent forms may result in
atio various conditions: herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause recurrent herpetic
n orolabial lesions; varicella zoster virus (VZV) can cause herpes zoster;
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause oral hairy leukoplakia; and reactivation of
HHV-8 can cause Kaposi sarcoma. In immunocompromised subjects,
infections with human herpesviruses are more extensive and severe than in
immunocompetent subjects (Ballyram 2016)
Hu
ma
n
Im
mu
no
de Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
merusak sel yang berfungsi untuk sistem
fici kekebalan tubuh yaitu CD4 (Lymphocyte T-
enc helper)
Menyebabkan penyakit Acquired immune
y deficiency syndrome (AIDS) yang merupakan
Vir sindroma penyakit defisiensi imunitas seluler
(Murtiastutik D, 2008; Nasronudin, 2008)
us
Hu
ma
n
Im STRUKTUR HIV
mu Virus sitopatik yang diklasifikasikan
no dalam famili Retroviridae, subfamili
de Lentivirinae, genus Lentivirus.
Termasuk virus RNA dengan berat
fici molekul 9,7 kb (kilobases). Jenis virus
enc RNA dalam proses replikasinya harus
y membuat sebuah salinan DNA dari RNA
yang ada di dalam virus.
Vir Hanya dapat bereplikasi di dalam sel
us pejantan.
Hu Virus yang memiliki selubung virus
ma (envelope), mengandung dua kopi
n genomik RNA virus yang terdapat di
dalam inti.
Im Di dalam inti virus juga terdapat enzim-
mu enzim yang digunakan untuk membuat
no salinan RNA, yang diperlukan untuk
replikasi HIV yakni antara lain: reverse
de transcriptase, integrase, dan protease.
fici RNA diliputi oleh kapsul berbentuk
enc kerucut terdiri atas sekitar 2000 kopi
p24 protein virus.
y (Knoll B dkk, 2007; Nasronudin,2008)
Vir
us
Hu
ma
n Partikel HIV terdiri atas inner core yang
mengandung 2 untai DNA identik yang
Im
dikelilingi oleh selubung fosfolipid.
mu Genon HIV mengandung gen env yang
no mengkode selubung glikoprotein, gen
de gag yang mengkode protein core yang
terdiri dari protein p17 (BM 17.000) dan
fici p24 (BM 24.000), dan gen pol yang
enc mengkode beberapa enzim.
y HIV juga mengandung 6 gen lainnya
yaitu vpr, vif, rev, nef dan vpu yang
Vir mengatur proses reproduksi virus.
us
Hu
ma
n
Im Bagian paling infeksius dari HIV adalah
selubung glikoprotein gp 120 (BM
mu
120.000) dan gp 41 (BM 41.000).
no Virion virus HIV berbentuk sferis dengan
de inti berbentuk kerucut yang dikelilingi
fici oleh selubung lipid dari membran sel
hopes. Inti virus mengandung protein
enc kapsid terbesar yaitu p24, protein
y nukleokapsid p7/p9, sedangkan 3
enzim yaitu protease, reverse
Vir transcriptase dan integrase.
us
Hu
ma
n
Im
mu
no
de
fici Inti virus yang berada di bawah lapisan
enc lipid dinamakan p17 yang dikelilingi
y oleh matriks protein. Hasil translasi
berupa protein prekursor yang besar
Vir dan akan dipotong oleh enzim protease
us virus menjadi protein mature
Hu
ma
n
Im
mu
no
de
HIV dikelompokkan berdasarkan struktur genom
fici dan antigenitasnya yaitu HIV - 1 dan HIV - 2
enc Jenis pertama adalah HIV-1, yang merupakan
penyebab utaman AIDS di seluruh dunia.
y Jenis kedua adalah HIV-2, yang kebanyakan
Vir ditemukan di daerah Afrika Barat. HIV hidup di
dalam darah dan cairan tubuh lainnya serta
us sekresi seperti air manu, cairan vagina dan air
susu ibu.
Hu
ma
n
Im
mu
no
de Sebuah paritkel HIV memiliki ukuran
fici diameter sekitar 10-9 meter. Seperti
kebanyakan baktero, partikel HIV
enc ukurannya terlalu kecil bial dilihat
y dnegan mikroskop biasa. Tetapi dapat
dilihat dengan jelas menggunakan
Vir mikroskop elektron
us
thankyou

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Virus Characteristic

Symptoms usually begin 1618 days after

Measles is an acute childhood infectious disease

People can spread the disease when they are

Adenoviruses can cause a wide-range of symptoms,

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