Ovary and Fallopian Tube

OVARY
Objectives
Discuss the following:
Location
Relations
Ligaments
Blood Supply
Venous Drainage
Lymphatic Drainage
Innervation
Ovary
almond shaped and sized
female gonads in which the
oocytes develop
4 x 2 x 3 cm in size in
reproductively mature
women
Dull white in color and consist
of dense fibrous tissue in
which ova are embedded
Progressively becomes
Ovary
Tunica albuginea: connective
tissue capsule
Ovarian mesothelium: single
layer of cuboidal cells
continuous with peritoneal
mesovarium
Function
Production of female germ cells
Production of female sex hormones
(estrogen and progesterone)
Ovary: Location
Lie on each side of the
uterus close to the
lateral pelvic wall, in a
depression called
ovarian fossa
Suspended in the pelvic
cavity and attached to
the upper limit of the
posterior aspect of
Ovary: Location
Embryonic and fetal
life: situated in the
lumbar region near the
kidneys descend
along the gubernaculum
stops at the lesser
pelvis
Variable in position but
commonly found
Ovary: Location
Pregnancy: ovaries
are lifter high in the
pelvis
14 weeks of
gestation: become
partly abdominal
structures
3rd trimester:
totally abdominal
Ovary: Relations
Lateral Contacts parietal
peritoneum in ovarian
fossa
(R) Ileocaecal junction,
caecum and appendix
Medial Uterus and uterine
vessels in broad
ligament
Rectum
Ovary: Relations
Posterior Internal iliac vessels
Ureter
Obturator vessels and
nerve
Origin of uterine artery
Anterior Posterior leaf of broad
ligament
Ovary: Relations
Superior Fimbria
Distal section of uterine
tube
External iliac vessels
(R) Ileocaecal junction,
caecum and appendix
(L) Sigmoid colon passes
over and joins rectum
Inferior Points towards the pelvic

floor
Ovary: Ligaments
Infundibulopelvic/
Suspensory Ligament
Peritoneal fold attached to the
upper part of the lateral surface
of the ovary
Part of the broad ligament
extending between the
attachment of the mesovarium
and the lateral wall of the pelvis
Contains ovarian vessels and
nerves
Ovary: Ligaments
Round Ligament of
the Ovary/ Ovarian
Ligament
Represents the remains of
the upper part of the
gubernaculum
Connects lateral margin of
the uterus to the
inferomedial extremity of
Ovary: Ligaments
Mesovarium
Short double fold of
peritoneum which attaches
the ovary to the back of
the broad ligament
Subdivision of the broad
ligament
Carries blood vessels and
nerves to the ovarian hilum
Ovary
Arterial Ovarian artery
Supply -From abdominal aorta at the level of L1
Venous Ovarian Vein
drainage -(R) Drains into inferior vena cava
-(L) Drains into renal vein
Lymph Follow the ovarian artery and drain into Para-
Drainage aortic nodes at the level of L1
Nerve Derived from Aortic Plexus and accompanies
Supply the ovarian artery
Ovary
Blood supply, lymphatic
drainage, and nerve supply
of the ovary pass over the
pelvic inlet
cross the external iliac
vessels
pass through lateral end
of broad ligament
(suspensory ligament)
Fallopian Tube
Objectives
Discuss the following
Communications
Parts
Ligaments
Blood Supply
Venous Drainage
Lymphatic Drainage
Innervation:
Define Tubal Ligation
State the purpose of tubal ligation
Fallopian Tube
Also called uterine tube,
salphinges or oviducts
About 4 in. (10 cm)
Lie in the upper border of
the broad ligament
Connects peritoneal cavity
in the region of the ovary
with the cavity of the uterus
Fallopian Tube
Medial opening is located at
the superior angle of the
uterine cavity
Ideal: extend symmetrically
posterolaterally to the lateral
pelvic walls, where they arch
anterior and superior to the
ovaries
Ultrasound: commonly
Fallopian Tube
Functions:
Receives ovum from ovary
Site of fertilization (usually in
ampulla)
Provides nourishment for the
fertilized ovum and transports it
to the cavity of the cavity of the
uterus
Conduit along which spermatozoa
Fallopian Tube
Parts:
1. Infundibulum
2. Ampulla
3. Isthmus
4. Intramural part
Fallopian Tube
Infundibulum
Funnel-shaped lateral end
that projects beyond the
broad ligament and overlies
the ovary
Opens into the peritoneal
cavity through the abdominal
ostium
Fallopian Tube
Infundibulum
Fimbriae
fingerlike processes draped
over the ovary and found at
the free edge
One large ovarian fimbria is
attached to the superior
pole of the ovary
Fallopian Tube
Ampulla
Widest and longest part of the
tube (1 cm max. diameter, 5
cm long)
Begins at the medial end of
the infundibulum
Has thin wall and tortuously
folded luminal surface
Where fertilization of oocyte
usually occurs
Fallopian Tube
Isthmus
Narrowest and thick walled
part of the tube
1-5 mm wide and 3 cm long
Rounded, muscular and firm
Lies just lateral to the uterus
Enters the uterine horn
Fallopian Tube
Intramural part
Segment that pierces the
uterine wall
0.7 mm wide, 1 cm long
Lies within the myometrium
Passes through the wall of
the uterus and opens via the
uterine ostium into the uterin
cavity at the uterine horn
Fallopian Tube
Mesosalpinx
Narrow mesentery where
the uterine tubes lie in
Part of the broad ligament
between the uterine tube
and the mesovarium
Fallopian Tube
Arterial Lateral 1/3: Ovarian artery abdominal aorta
Supply Medial 2/3: Uterine Artery internal iliac artery
Venous Lateral 2/3: via pampiniform plexus to the ovarian
drainage veins inferior vena cava (R) or renal vein (L)
Medial 2/3: via uterine plexus internal iliac vein
Fallopian Tube
Lymph Internal Iliac and Para-aortic nodes
Drainage Gray: it is possible for lymph to reach the inguinal
nodes via round ligament
Nerve Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nerves from the
Supply inferior hypogastric plexuses
Tubal Ligation
Method of obtaining
permanent birth
control
The fallopian tubes
are tied or ligated to
prevent the sperm
from reaching the
ovum
Tubal Ligation
Open Abdominal Tubal
Ligation
Performed through a short
suprapubic incision made at
the pubic hairline
Involves interruption, often
removal of a segment of the
tube
Tubal closure: suture ligation
Tubal Ligation
Laparoscopic Tubal
Ligation
Done with a fiber optic
laparoscope inserted through
a small incision, usually near
the umbilicus
Tubal continuity is interrupted
by applying cautery, rings or
clips
Tubal Ligation
Usually restricted to
women who already have
children
Ova that are discharged
from the ovarian follicles
degenerate in the tube
proximal to the
obstruction

Ovary and Fallopian Tube

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OVARY

Inferior Points towards the pelvic

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