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    Antibody Structure and Functions in Humoral Immunity

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    mohammed agung
    This document discusses antibody structure and function in humoral immunity. It describes the components of the immune system including white blood cells, lymphoid organs, and body tissues. It explains how lymphocytes develop and circulate between blood and lymph organs, and how they are activated through antigen recognition and cell interactions. The document also details the effector mechanisms of T cells and B cells, molecules involved in antigen recognition, types of immune responses, antibody structure, and the roles of macrophages and antibodies in removing antigens and cell debris.

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    Antibody Structure and Functions in Humoral Immunity

    Uploaded by

    mohammed agung
    26 views30 pages
    This document discusses antibody structure and function in humoral immunity. It describes the components of the immune system including white blood cells, lymphoid organs, and body tissues. It explains how lymphocytes develop and circulate between blood and lymph organs, and how they are activated through antigen recognition and cell interactions. The document also details the effector mechanisms of T cells and B cells, molecules involved in antigen recognition, types of immune responses, antibody structure, and the roles of macrophages and antibodies in removing antigens and cell debris.

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    This document discusses antibody structure and function in humoral immunity. It describes the components of the immune system including white blood cells, lymphoid organs, and body tissues. It explains how lymphocytes develop and circulate between blood and lymph organs, and how they are activated through antigen recognition and cell interactions. The document also details the effector mechanisms of T cells and B cells, molecules involved in antigen recognition, types of immune responses, antibody structure, and the roles of macrophages and antibodies in removing antigens and cell debris.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    26 views30 pages

    Antibody Structure and Functions in Humoral Immunity

    Uploaded by

    mohammed agung
    This document discusses antibody structure and function in humoral immunity. It describes the components of the immune system including white blood cells, lymphoid organs, and body tissues. It explains how lymphocytes develop and circulate between blood and lymph organs, and how they are activated through antigen recognition and cell interactions. The document also details the effector mechanisms of T cells and B cells, molecules involved in antigen recognition, types of immune responses, antibody structure, and the roles of macrophages and antibodies in removing antigens and cell debris.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Antibody Structure and

    Functions in humoral
    immunity
    Components of the immune
    system
    White blood cells
    Lymphoid organ
    Primary lymphoid organ:

    Bone marrow & fetal liver
    origin of all immune cells
    site for development and education of B cells
    Thymus:
    site for development and education of T cells
    Secondary lymphoid organ
    Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphoid tissue
    induction sites for immune responses
    Body tissues

    effector sites for immune responses
    Blood cells derived from bone
    marrow cells
    Blood cells migrate through blood and
    lymph nodes or home to tissues
    Lymphoid cells
    Resting lymphocytes
    are round cells with a
    large nucleus
    Lymphoid organ

    White blood cells


    migrate through blood,
    lymph nodes and
    tissues.

    Lymphocytes
    recirculate between
    blood and lymph
    organ until encounter
    their Ag
    Lymph from body
    surfaces drains through
    the draining lymph nodes
    into the thoracic duct and
    then into the blood
    circulation.
    Clonal selection

    Lymphocyte development and maturation Lymphocyte activation


    Lymphocyte proliferate and differentiate
    into effector and memory cells

    Lymphocyte stimulation

    Lymphocytes change function


    and morphology on antigen
    stimulation

    Effector cells attack invading


    pathogens

    Memory cells protect against a


    new infection
    Recognition
    Different pathogen require different
    response mechanism for detection,
    recognition & destroying them
    Lymphocyte receptor:
    BCR (surface Ig): recognize Ag that is present
    outside the cells
    TCR: detect Ag generated inside infected cell
    Each developing lymphocyte generate a
    unique Ag receptor by rearranging its gene
    segment:
    Cells interaction: 2 signal are required for
    lymp activation
    Antigen presenting cells (APCs)
    Effector Mechanism
    T Lymphocytes:

    T cells are responsible for the cell mediated imm


    response
    CTL (cytotoxic T lymp) recognize infected cells
    CTL tipically express molc CD8 on their surface

    T cells that activate the cells they recognized are marked


    by molc
    CD4 on their surface.
    CD4 T lymp can be divided into 2 subset :
    TH1 cells: activate M (stimulating antibacterial
    mechanism) and release cytokine & chemokine
    TH2 cells: activate B cells to produce certain Ab (ch.8)
    T cell help for macrophages and B cells
    requires recognition of peptide-MHC II
    Molecules involved for
    antigen recognition
    B cell receptor & product
    antibodies (Abs): immunoglobulin (Ig)
    T cell receptor (TCR)
    TCR /
    Major histocompatibility complex
    (MHC)/HLA
    Class I
    Class II
    Immune responses
    Natural/innate/nonspecific
    Humoral: type I IFN (IFN-
    lysozyme, Complement proteins
    Cellular: phagocytes, NK cells
    Adaptive/acquired/specific
    Humoral: Abs: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD
    Cellular: T cells:
    CD4+ Th, CD8+CTL
    Ab molecule: structure of
    immunoglobulin
    Immmunity mediated by Ab:
    humoral immunity

    B cells produce antibodies


    which can recognize soluble
    antigen
    An immunoglobulin molecule
    has two identical H-chains
    and two identical L-chains

    The variable regions of Abs


    are encoded by multiple
    gene fragments

    Variable region determine


    Ag binding specificity Immunoglobulin is a general term for antibodiess
    Macrophages and antibodies play a
    prominent role in the removal of antigens
    and cell debris
    Concluding remarks
    Ab/Ig: glycoproteins produced in membrane-bound or secreted forms by
    (activated) B cells

    Comprises 2 identical covalently-linked Heavy (H) chains and 2 identical


    Light (L) chains

    Fab (antigen binding region) is highly variable; Ab can be produced ca


    109/indiv. with distinct specificity

    Effector functions: C region of the H chain molecule


    Opsonization by binding through FcR on phagocytic cell membrane
    Complement activation esp. via the classical pathway
    Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) function
    Ab-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction

    H chain of C region determine also the tissue distribution, ie. IgA


    isotypesecretion (mainly)

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