Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 293 views

    Botany Lab Leaves

    Uploaded by

    Alyana
    The document describes the key parts and features of leaves. It defines structures like the blade, petiole, leaf sheath, stipules, and venation patterns. It also discusses leaf variations such as simple vs. compound leaves. Leaf arrangements on stems (phyllotaxy) and internal structures like the monocot and dicot cross sections are outlined. Finally, it notes some specialized leaf adaptations for functions like support, absorption, attraction, reproduction, protection, and storage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Botany Lab Leaves

    Uploaded by

    Alyana
    293 views42 pages
    The document describes the key parts and features of leaves. It defines structures like the blade, petiole, leaf sheath, stipules, and venation patterns. It also discusses leaf variations such as simple vs. compound leaves. Leaf arrangements on stems (phyllotaxy) and internal structures like the monocot and dicot cross sections are outlined. Finally, it notes some specialized leaf adaptations for functions like support, absorption, attraction, reproduction, protection, and storage.

    Original Description:

    botany leaves

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document describes the key parts and features of leaves. It defines structures like the blade, petiole, leaf sheath, stipules, and venation patterns. It also discusses leaf variations such as simple vs. compound leaves. Leaf arrangements on stems (phyllotaxy) and internal structures like the monocot and dicot cross sections are outlined. Finally, it notes some specialized leaf adaptations for functions like support, absorption, attraction, reproduction, protection, and storage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    293 views42 pages

    Botany Lab Leaves

    Uploaded by

    Alyana
    The document describes the key parts and features of leaves. It defines structures like the blade, petiole, leaf sheath, stipules, and venation patterns. It also discusses leaf variations such as simple vs. compound leaves. Leaf arrangements on stems (phyllotaxy) and internal structures like the monocot and dicot cross sections are outlined. Finally, it notes some specialized leaf adaptations for functions like support, absorption, attraction, reproduction, protection, and storage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 42

    LEAVES

    The leaf is
    generally an
    expanded and
    flattened green
    structure
    growing out at
    the node of the
    stem. Its green
    color is due to

    Blade
    A thin,
    flattened
    green
    structure

    Leaf stalk or Pet


    A cylindrical or
    flattened narrow
    structure which
    supports and holds the
    blade upright.
    Provides maximum
    exposure of the blade
    to sunlight.
    Serves for conduction
    With petiole
    petiolate; without a

    In some monocots:
    Petiole is lacking
    The blade is supported by
    a flattened structure
    called the leaf sheath
    which clasps the stem.

    Leaf Sheath

    Outgrowths at the
    junction of the sheath
    and blade may be
    present and are
    collectively referred to
    as the ligule.
    This performs a
    protective function of
    preventing water and
    dirt from accumulating
    between the sheath
    and the stem.

    Stipule
    A pair of
    appendages or
    outgrowth at the
    base of some
    dicotyledonous
    leaves.
    With stipule
    stipulate; without
    stipule exstipulate.

    Apex
    Leaf Blade
    Leaf Margin
    Base

    Leaf
    variation

    Nature of Leaf Blade


    Simple leaf
    The blade consists
    of only one piece.
    Petiole of a leaf is
    directly attached to
    the stem.

    Compound Leaf
    The blade is divided
    into separate segments
    called leaflets.
    Stalk of leaflets is the
    petiolule.
    Outgrowth, usually in
    pairs, may be found at
    the base of the
    petiolule stipel.

    Pinnately Compound L
    Leaflets are attached to a
    rachis which is an extension
    of the petiolule.

    Simple pinnately compound l


    There is a single rachis to
    which the leaflets are
    attached.

    Bipinnately
    compound leaf
    First rachis or
    primary rachis
    branches into
    secondary rachises
    where the leaflets
    are attached.

    Tripinnately
    Compound
    Leaf
    There are rachises
    of the first, second
    and third order.

    Palmately
    Compound
    Leaf
    Leaflets radiate
    from the upper
    end or tip of the
    leaf stalk.
    Central rachis

    Venation
    Arrangement of veins
    or vascular strands of
    a leaf blade.

    Netted Leaf Vena


    The veins branch
    profusely and form a
    network over the
    blade.
    Commonly found in
    dicots.

    Pinnately Netted
    Midrib is present from
    which smaller veins
    and their branches
    ramify or spread out
    in all directions
    throughout the blade.

    Palmately Netted
    Several principal veins
    arise from the tip of the
    petiole and spread
    fanlike through the
    blade.
    The principal veins
    produce smaller veins
    that from a network.

    Radiately netted
    Several principal
    veins radiate from
    around the tip of the
    petiole and break
    up into smaller veins
    to form a network
    throughout the
    blade.

    Parallel Leaf Vena


    The veins do not
    form a network.
    Common among
    monocots.

    Parallel venation
    with the veins at
    acute or right angles
    to the midrib

    Parallel venation
    with the veins
    parallel to the
    midrib

    Phyllotaxy
    The system of leaf
    arrangement on the
    stem.

    Alternate or Spiral
    Only one leaf develops at each node

    Texas sugarberry tree (Celtis laevigata)

    Opposite
    Two leaves develop
    opposite each other
    at a node.

    Whorled or Verticil
    Three or more leaves
    develop equidistantly
    around the node.

    Fasciculate
    Two or more leaves
    develop at only one
    side of the node.

    Midrib Cross Section


    Upper Epidermis
    Xylem
    Phloem

    Lower Epidermis

    Dicot Leaf Cross Section

    Upper Epidermis
    Palisade
    Parenchyma
    Xylem
    Phloem

    Lower Epidermis

    Trichome

    Stomata

    Monocot Leaf Cross Section


    Upper
    Epidermis with
    cuticle
    Mesophyll
    layer

    Stomat
    a

    Vascular
    bundle

    Lower Epidermis
    with cuticle

    Monocot Leaf Cross Section

    Phloem
    Xylem
    Bundle Sheath

    There is no differentiation of mesophyll into spongy


    and palisade parenchyma (Isobilateral or Equifacial

    Isobilateral or Equifacial Leave

    There is no differentiation
    of mesophyll into spongy
    and palisade parenchyma
    These vertically
    oriented leaves have
    their two surfaces
    receiving direct
    sunlight.

    Bulliform cells
    Large, bubble-shaped
    epidermal cells that
    occur in groups on the
    upper surface of the
    leaves of many grasses.
    Loss of turgor pressure
    in these cells causes
    leaves to "roll up"
    during water stress

    Monocot Leaf Cross Section

    Dorsiventral or Bifacial Leaves

    Have their upper or adaxial surfaces darker green in color


    Presence of palisade mesophyll (upper) and spongy mesophyll
    (lower) layers

    For
    Support

    Supporting leaf bases


    that grow close
    together to form a

    Hooks

    Floaters

    Tendrils

    For
    Absorption

    Thin, uncutinized
    epidermis

    Insectivorous leaves

    For
    Attraction

    Petalloid bracts

    Bright coloration of
    entire blade or portion
    of the blade

    For
    Reproduction

    Leaf and plantlet develop at


    certain parts of the leaf

    Tip, base or
    margin

    Leaf Cuttings

    Tip of petiole

    For
    Protection

    Bud Scales

    Spiny Leaves

    For
    Protection

    Stipular spines

    Leaves reduced
    to spines

    For
    Protection

    Apical or
    Marginal Spines

    For Storage

    Fleshy or
    thickened blades

    Bulbs

    Pocket leaves

    You might also like