Motors
Motors
Motors
Synchronous
Induction
Single-Phase
Three-Phase
Separately
Excited
Series
Self Excited
Compound
Shunt
D. C. Motor
Applications in rolling mills, traction,
overhead cranes
Principle of Operation
When a current carrying conductor is placed in
a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical
force whose direction is given by Flemings
left hand rule.
DC Motors Components
Field pole
North pole and south pole
Receive electricity to form
magnetic field
Armature
Commutator
Overturns current direction in armature
DC Motors
DC Motors
DC Motor Applications
Automobiles
Windshield Wipers
Door locks
Window lifts
Antenna retractor
Seat adjust
Mirror adjust
Anti-lock Braking System
CONTROL OF D.C.MOTORS
Method - 1
CONTROL OF D.C.MOTORS
Method - 2
CONTROL OF D.C.MOTORS
Method - 3
Brushless DC Motors
F = supply frequency
P = number of poles
(Automated Buildings)
Stator
Stampings with slots to carry 3-phase windings
Wound for definite number of poles
Rotor
Stator
This animation demonstrates the principle for a stepper motor using full
step commutation. The rotor of a permanent magnet stepper motor
consists of permanent magnets and the stator has two pairs of windings.
Just as the rotor aligns with one of the stator poles, the second phase is
energized. The two phases alternate on and off and also reverse polarity.
There are four steps. One phase lags the other phase by one step. This
is equivalent to one forth of an electrical cycle or 90.
This animation shows the stepping pattern for a half-step stepper motor.
The commutation sequence for a half-step stepper motor has eight steps
instead of four. The main difference is that the second phase is turned on
before the first phase is turned off. Thus, sometimes both phases are
energized at the same time. During the half-steps the rotor is held in
between the two full-step positions. A half-step motor has twice the
resolution of a full step motor. It is very popular for this reason.
Stepper Motors
This stepper motor is very simplified. The rotor of a real stepper motor
usually has many poles. The animation has only ten poles, however a real
stepper motor might have a hundred. These are formed using a single
magnet mounted inline with the rotor axis and two pole pieces with many
teeth. The teeth are staggered to produce many poles. The stator poles of
a real stepper motor also has many teeth. The teeth are arranged so that
the two phases are still 90 out of phase. This stepper motor uses
permanent magnets. Some stepper motors do not have magnets and
instead use the basic principles of a switched reluctance motor. The stator
is similar but the rotor is composed of a iron laminates.
Half step
sequence of
binary control
numbers
Film Drive
Optical Scanner
Printers
ATM Machines
I. V. Pump
Blood Analyzer
FAX Machines
Thermostats