Chapter 11 Refrigeration
Chapter 11 Refrigeration
Chapter 11 Refrigeration
Chapter 11
Refrigeration Cycles
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Objectives
Introduce the concepts of refrigerators and heat pumps and the measure of
their performance.
Analyze the ideal and actual vapor-compression refrigeration cycles.
Discuss the operation of refrigeration and heat pump systems.
Evaluate the performance of innovative vapor-compression refrigeration
systems.
An ordinary
household
refrigerator.
The P-h diagram of an ideal vaporcompression refrigeration cycle.
Problem
Ideal and Actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycles
1112
A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and operates on an ideal
vapor-compression refrigeration cycle between 0.12 and 0.7 MPa. The mass flow
rate of the refrigerant is 0.05 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to
saturation lines. Determine:
a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space,
b) the power input to the compressor,
c) the rate of heat rejection to the environment, and
d) the coefficient of performance.
Answers: (a) 7.41 kW, 1.83 kW, (b) 9.23 kW, (c) 4.06
1115
Consider a 300 kJ/min refrigeration system that operates on an ideal vaporcompression refrigeration cycle with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. The
refrigerant enters the compressor as saturated vapor at 140 kPa and is
compressed to 800 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to
saturation lines, and determine the:
a)quality of the refrigerant at evaporator inlet,
b)coefficient of performance, and
c)power input to the compressor.
Problem
Ideal and Actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycles
1118
Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapor at
0.14 MPa and 10C at a rate of 0.12 kg/s, and it leaves at 0.7 MPa and 50C. The
refrigerant is cooled in the condenser to 24C and 0.65 MPa, and it is throttled to
0.15 MPa. Disregarding any heat transfer and pressure drops in the connecting
lines between the components, show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to
saturation lines, and determine:
a)the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space,
b)the power input to the compressor,
c)the isentropic efficiency of the compressor, and
d)the COP of the refrigerator.
Answers: (a) 19.4 kW, 5.06 kW, (b) 82.5 percent, (c) 3.83
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13
Cascade Refrigeration
Systems
A two-stage
A two-stage
cascade
compression
refrigeration
refrigeration
system with
system
the
same
with
refrigerant
a flash chamber.
in both stages.
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Problem
Cascade Refrigeration Systems
1142
Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating between pressure
limits of 0.8 and 0.14 MPa. Each stage operates on the ideal vapor-compression
refrigeration cycle with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. Heat rejection from
the lower cycle to the upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counter-flow heat
exchanger where both streams enter at about 0.4 MPa. If the mass flow rate of
the refrigerant through the upper cycle is 0.24 kg/s, determine the:
a)mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the lower cycle,
b)rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space,
c)power input to the compressor, and
d)coefficient of performance of this cascade refrigerator.
Answers: (a) 0.195 kg/s, (b) 34.2 kW, 7.63 kW, (c) 4.49
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Problem
Cascade Refrigeration Systems
1147
Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating between pressure
limits of 1.2 MPa and 200 kPa with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. Heat
rejection from the lower cycle to the upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic
counter-flow heat exchanger where the pressure in the upper and lower cycles are
0.4 and 0.5 MPa, respectively. In both cycles, the refrigerant is a saturated liquid
at the condenser exit and a saturated vapor at the compressor inlet, and the
isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 80 percent. If the mass flow rate of the
refrigerant through the lower cycle is 0.15 kg/s, determine the:
a)mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the upper cycle,
b)rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space, and
c)coefficient of performance of the system.
Answers: (a) 0.212 kg/s, (b) 25.7 kW, (c) 2.68
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Multistage Compression
Refrigeration Systems
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Problem
Two-Stage Compression Refrigeration Systems
1144
A two-stage compression refrigeration system operates with refrigerant-134a
between the pressure limits of 1 and 0.14 MPa. The refrigerant leaves the
condenser as a saturated liquid and is throttled to a flash chamber operating at 0.5
MPa. The refrigerant leaving the low-pressure compressor at 0.5 MPa is also
routed to the flash chamber. The vapor in the flash chamber is then compressed
to the condenser pressure by the high-pressure compressor, and the liquid is
throttled to the evaporator pressure. Assuming the refrigerant leaves the
evaporator as saturated vapor at a rate of 0.25 kg/s and that both compressors
are isentropic, determine the:
a)fraction of the refrigerant that evaporates in the flash chamber,
b)rate of heat removed from the refrigerated space, and
c)coefficient of performance.
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Problem
Two-Stage Compression Refrigeration System
1148
A two-stage cascade refrigeration system operates between pressure limits of 1.2
MPa and 200 kPa with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. Saturated liquid
refrigerant leaving the condenser is throttled to a flash chamber operating at 0.45
MPa. The vapor from the flash chamber is mixed with the refrigerant leaving the
low-pressure compressor. The mixture is then compressed to the condenser
pressure by the high-pressure compressor. The liquid in the flash chamber is
throttled to the evaporator pressure. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 0.15
kg/s. Assuming saturated vapor refrigerant leaves the evaporator and the isentropic
efficiency is 80 percent for both compressors, determine the:
a)mass flow rate of refrigerant in the high-pressure compressor,
b)rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space, and
c)coefficient of performance of the system.
d)rate of heat removal and the COP if this refrigerator operated on a single-stage
cycle between the same pressure limits with the same compressor efficiency and
flow rate as in part (a).
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