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    ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems: Lift and Drag Wrap-Up (2/20/2003)

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    ijaz fazil
    This document summarizes the final lecture of an ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems course. It discusses assignments, an upcoming review session, and exam policies. The lecture covers key concepts like lift and drag forces, boundary layers, and the Reynolds number dependency of drag coefficients. It also highlights the connection between internal and external fluid flows and reviews the generation of lift on airfoils through pressure differences above and below the wing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems: Lift and Drag Wrap-Up (2/20/2003)

    Uploaded by

    ijaz fazil
    41 views10 pages
    This document summarizes the final lecture of an ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems course. It discusses assignments, an upcoming review session, and exam policies. The lecture covers key concepts like lift and drag forces, boundary layers, and the Reynolds number dependency of drag coefficients. It also highlights the connection between internal and external fluid flows and reviews the generation of lift on airfoils through pressure differences above and below the wing.

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    lecture

    Original Title

    Lecture 30

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    This document summarizes the final lecture of an ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems course. It discusses assignments, an upcoming review session, and exam policies. The lecture covers key concepts like lift and drag forces, boundary layers, and the Reynolds number dependency of drag coefficients. It also highlights the connection between internal and external fluid flows and reviews the generation of lift on airfoils through pressure differences above and below the wing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    41 views10 pages

    ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems: Lift and Drag Wrap-Up (2/20/2003)

    Uploaded by

    ijaz fazil
    This document summarizes the final lecture of an ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems course. It discusses assignments, an upcoming review session, and exam policies. The lecture covers key concepts like lift and drag forces, boundary layers, and the Reynolds number dependency of drag coefficients. It also highlights the connection between internal and external fluid flows and reviews the generation of lift on airfoils through pressure differences above and below the wing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    ES 202

    Fluid and Thermal Systems


    Lecture 30:
    Lift and Drag Wrap-Up
    (2/20/2003)

    Assignments
    Study for your finals

    Lecture 30

    ES 202 Fluid & Thermal


    Systems

    Announcements

    Problem session this evening at 7 pm

    lift and drag


    hydrostatics
    Bernoullis equation
    major and minor losses

    Time and date for final review session (need your input)

    What can you bring to the exam


    textbook
    3 sides of equation sheet
    computer (cannot use EES)

    My advice for you on final exam


    Study hard, see me if you have questions
    Keep calm! You should have more than enough time!

    Lecture 30

    ES 202 Fluid & Thermal


    Systems

    Road Map of Lecture 30


    High-light from John Adams talk on golf ball aerodynamics
    laminar-turbulent transition over curved surface

    Reynolds number dependency of drag coefficient


    how it relates to terminal velocity calculation

    Common feature between internal and external flows


    formation of boundary layer
    inviscid core region
    merging of boundary layers (disappearance of inviscid core)

    Visual learning: variation of lift and drag with angle of attack


    All about lift
    origin of lift
    definition of lift coefficient
    conditions at take-off and cruise

    Course evaluation
    Lecture 30

    ES 202 Fluid & Thermal


    Systems

    Drag on a Golf Ball


    2/3 of range at max. height (very different from simple projectile)

    Taken from John Adams ASME talk

    Lecture 30

    ES 202 Fluid & Thermal


    Systems

    Reynolds Number Dependency


    taken from Figure 8.2 in Fluid Mechanics by Kundu
    Determination of terminal velocity requires iteration

    mg

    C
    D

    U 2
    2

    2
    D

    velocity
    (Reynolds #) free stream frontal area
    dependent dynamic pressure

    Lecture 30

    ES 202 Fluid & Thermal


    Systems

    Connection with Internal Flow


    Recall the drag analysis on a cross-flow cylinder in a wind
    tunnel
    The blockage effect of the cylinder causes the flow to accelerate. As a
    result, pressure drops.

    This pressure drop is totally different from the pressure drop in


    pipe flow analysis during the 4th week of this class.
    The pressure drop in pipe flow is due to frictional effect, not
    flow acceleration.
    In fact, the average flow speed in a constant cross-sectional
    pipe is constant as a result of mass conservation.
    Lecture 30

    ES 202 Fluid & Thermal


    Systems

    Boundary Layer in a Pipe


    boundary layer
    inviscid core
    (flow acceleration)

    fully viscous region


    boundary layer

    merging of boundary layer


    (disappearance of inviscid core)

    At the pipe entrance, the development of boundary layer is similar to that on a flat plate.

    As a result of fluid deceleration in the boundary layer, the flow accelerates within the
    inviscid core.

    Beyond the merging point of boundary layers, the fully viscous region is termed the fully
    developed flow.

    Within the fully developed flow,


    averaged flow speed stays constant;
    pressure drops as a response to fluid friction.

    Lecture 30

    ES 202 Fluid & Thermal


    Systems

    Lift and Drag on an Airfoil


    Visual learning:
    MMFM visualization of lift and drag variation as a function
    of angle of attack (serves as a motivation to lift analysis)
    As the angle of attack is increased, the slender airfoil
    becomes more of a blunt body. Flow separation becomes
    more severe.
    The dominant drag component changes from frictional drag to
    pressure drag.
    Significant reduction in lift results.
    Notion of stall: large reduction in lift (highly unstable operating
    condition)
    Lecture 30

    ES 202 Fluid & Thermal


    Systems

    All about Lift


    Generation of lift force
    high pressure on bottom surface, low pressure on top surface
    means of destroying flow symmetry
    non-zero angle of attack on symmetry airfoil
    asymmetric airfoil at zero angle of attack
    positive camber gives positive lift

    Design criterion of airfoil design


    optimize the lift-to-drag ratio

    Lift coefficient
    definition (similar to drag coefficient)
    take-off condition (L > W)
    cruise condition (L = W)
    Lecture 30

    ES 202 Fluid & Thermal


    Systems

    10

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