G M Cryocooler

Dissertation Review on
Design and Analysis for Sizing and Layout of

piping and valves for the dual-bed 80 K
purifier of helium plant
Internal Guide: Dr. S M

Mehta
External Guide: Mr. A K
Sahu
3nd
Prepared by
JAYDEEP PONKIYA
150280710005
Sem, Cryogenics Engg.
OVERVIEW
Abstract
Introduction
1. Transfer line
2. Design Consideration for Cryogenic
Transfer Line
3. Types of Transfer Line
4. Vacuum insulated line joints
5. Cryogenic valves
Literature Review
Reference
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Abstract
The sizing and layout of pipe lines with
valves will affect the pressure drop and flow
controllability of the operation of purifier,
which will be analyzed in this project.
Different loads like, pressure of the fluid,
momentum changes in the flow, weight of
elements and thermal stress will be
analyzed.
Operational
sequence
of
different
components with rate of opening/closing of
valves will be established for safe operation
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during nominal and
off-nominal operations. 3
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INTRODUCTION
1.TRANSFER LINES[1,5]
A transfer line is a pipeline used to convey
very cold fluids from one place to another.
With larger lines, problem of cool-down
with two-phase flow, thermal contraction,
bowing of the line under partial fill
conditions, and many other engineering
problems arose.
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The lines were usually constructed in

sections; thus, effective low heat
inleak joints were required.
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DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
CRYOGENIC TRANSFER LINES[4]
2.
FOR
Optimization of the leak to the transfer line

Cavitation and two- phase flow
Thermal acoustic oscillations
Pressure collapse and low frequency
pressure oscillations
Negative gauge pressure
Thermal contraction
Trapped line segments
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3.TYPES OF TRANSFER LINES[2,3]

Cryogenic Transfer lines can be divided into
three main types:
1. Uninsulated Transfer Lines.
2. Foam and Fibrous-insulated Lines.
3.Vacuum-insulated Transfer Lines. This type is
further divided into three categories according
to
vacuum
and
insulating
material
combinations:
a. Vacuum-powder.
b. High vacuum.
c. Superinsulated lines.
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4. VACUUM-INSULATED LINE JOINTS[4]

1)Bolted Flange Joint
2) Field-Welded Joint
3)Bayonet Joint
It works on the principle of mating
vacuum-insulated sections sealed at
the warm exterior by and O-ring
located between the flanges.
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This design is
illustrated in Fig.
1. outer
line
vacuum shell
2. line coupling
3. warm
temperature Oring seal
4. static gas leg
5. vacuum
insulation space
6. vacuum barriers
7. additional liquid
seal
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8. liquid
line
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10
5.
CRYOGENIC
VALVES[5]
Extended-Stem
Valve
Broken-Stem Valve
Vacuum-Jacketed
Valve
Terminal Valve
Helium-Operated
Valve
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Literature Survey
Commissioning
of
the
helium
cryogenic system and LN2 transfer
system in the TPS ring[6,7]
H. H. Tsai, F. Z. Hsiao, H. C. Li, S. H.

Chang, T. F. Lin, W. S. Chiou, and C. P.
Liu publish this paper in 25th International
Cryogenic Engineering Conference and the
International
Cryogenic
Materials
Conference in 2014 for transfer system in
Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) project.
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In
this
research
they
installed
four
superconductive
Radio
Frequency
(SRF)
cavities in short straight sections of the
storage ring to maintain the eventual energy
level of the electrons.
The operating pressure for LN2 is 2.8 bar and
for LHe is 1.35 bar and insulation in pipe has
10^-5 mbar vacuum.
Observation
The measured heat loads of the 132.8-m LN2
transfer line and phase separator were 213.6
W and 0.7% / day, respectively. The pressure
fluctuation was +22 mbar and -17 mbar under
2.8 bar operating pressures, which satisfy the
requirements of the
SRF cavity operation.
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The performance of the helium cryogenic

system was 20 % better than the test
result in the temperate test area.
The pressure fluctuation was with +3
mbar, which satisfies the operation of
the SRF cavities also.
Conclusion
From this paper we conclude that for
long transfer lines we have to consider
the heat loss and select appropriate
insulation and calculate pressure drop
which should be in permissible limits.
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Pressure drop and heat transfer

characteristics of boiling nitrogen
in square pipe flow[8,10,11,12]
Katsuhide Ohira, Tadashi Nakayama,

Koichi Takahashi, Hiroaki Kobayashi,
Hideyuki Taguchi and Itsuo Aoki
publish this paper in 25th International
Cryogenic Engineering Conference and
the International Cryogenic Materials
Conference in 2014.
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In this research they studied Pressure drop

and forced convection heat transfer in the
boiling nitrogen flow in a horizontal square
pipe with a side of 12 mm at inlet pressure
between 0.1 and 0.15 MPa with a mass flux
between 70 and 2000 kg/m2-s and with a
heat flux of 5, 10 and 20kW/m2.
Observation
They observe six flow patterns during
experiments: bubbly, slug, slug annular,
wavy-annular and wavy flows.
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In pipe where velocity of vapour phase is large,

the vapor phase component flows more easily
at the pipe center, and the flow shifts from slug
to annular. Note also that, in the region where
velocity of liquid phase is small, the flow
becomes wavy.
They thought that the effect of gravity is more
pronounced in this region, inducing a separated
flow in which the vapor phase is at the top of
the pipe and the liquid phase at the bottom.
Conclusion
From this paper we conclude that if there is two
phase flow in cryogenic pipe, we have to
consider the type of flow generated for
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pressure drop calculations.
Design & Analysis of Bellows Free

Cryogenic Transfer Line[5,9]
Amit Thakkar and Mayank I. Vyas publish

this paper in 2nd international conference on
current trends in technology in 2011.
This paper describes the Thermo Structural
design & Analysis of bellow free transfer line.
They used Inver(FeNi36) instead of stainless
steel as tube material which has very low
coefficient of thermal expansion to eliminate
the bellows.
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Observation
They Compare the data of Inver and stainless steel
material and also compare it analytically and by FE
analysis with length of 5m and operating pressure
of 2 bar.
Conclusion
From above data we conclude that axial stress is
decreased if we use Inver as pipe material and
contraction of pipe decreases nearly 8 times the
conventional stainless
steel tube.
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REFRENCE
1. R. B. Jacobs, R. J .Richards and S. B. Schwartz, The
Transfer of
Liquefied Gases, Advances in Cryogenic
Engineering, Vol-1, Pg 87-94
2. T. M. Flynn, Cryogenic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, Inc
3. K. D. Timmerhaus & T. M. Flynn, Cryogenic Process
Engineering, Plenum Press
4. J. G. Weisand II, Handbook of Cryogenic Engineering,
Publisher: Taylor and Francis.
5. Cryogenic Engineering by R.A. Barron.
6. Tsai H. H., Hsiao F. Z., Li H. C., Chiou W. S., Chang S. H.,
Liu C. P., Lin T. F. and Lin M. C., 2010, The Current Status
of the Cryogenic System Design and Construction for
TPS, Proceedings of IPAC'10, Kyoto, Japan, May 23-28,
pp. 3846-3848.
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7. H. H. Tsai, F. Z. Hsiao, H. C. Li, S. H. Chang, T. F. Lin,

W. S. Chiou, and C. P. Liu, Commissioning of the
helium cryogenic system and LN2 transfer system in
the TPS ring, Elsevier
8. Katsuhide Ohira, Tadashi Nakayama, Koichi Takahashi,
Hiroaki Kobayashi, Hideyuki Taguchi and Itsuo Aoki,
Pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of
boiling nitrogen in square pipe flow, Elsevier
9. Amit Thakkar, Mayank I. Vyas, Design & Analysis of
Bellows Free Cryogenic Transfer Line
10. Winterton RHS. Thermal design of nuclear reactors.
New York: Pergamon Press; 1981.
11. Khalil A, McIntosh G, Boom RW. Experimental
measurement of void fraction in cryogenic two phase
upward flow. Cryogenics 1981; 21:411-14.
12. Butterworth D. A comparison of some void-fraction
relationships for co-current gas-liquid flow. Int. J.
Multiphase Flow 1975; 1: 845-50.
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THANK YOU
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Dissertation Review on

Design and Analysis for Sizing and Layout of

Internal Guide: Dr. S M

The lines were usually constructed in

Optimization of the leak to the transfer line

3.TYPES OF TRANSFER LINES[2,3]

4. VACUUM-INSULATED LINE JOINTS[4]

H. H. Tsai, F. Z. Hsiao, H. C. Li, S. H.

The performance of the helium cryogenic

Pressure drop and heat transfer

Katsuhide Ohira, Tadashi Nakayama,

In this research they studied Pressure drop

In pipe where velocity of vapour phase is large,

Design & Analysis of Bellows Free

Amit Thakkar and Mayank I. Vyas publish

7. H. H. Tsai, F. Z. Hsiao, H. C. Li, S. H. Chang, T. F. Lin,

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